A comparative study between Japan and France, concerning the subjects of the legal relationship within the care-support and the property succession in the Ageing Society

1.就日本而言，观察到以下几点：(1)强调个人遗嘱的判例法在理论和实践中都应该发挥重要作用；(2)这类遗嘱的用法和类型仍然难以确定，主要是因为缺乏数据；(3)关于年老父母照顾和赡养的家庭冲突的安排；(4)这些情况可能与日本家庭财产继承的法律和财政制度的特点有关，5)关于长期护理保险，现在评估其对家庭财产继承行为的影响的时机还不太成熟。2)相比之下，在法国，1)婚姻财产制度在家庭财产立法中占有重要地位，2)法国民法规定了配偶之间财产安排的各种程序，如双方同意给予婚姻制度的好处，继承人之间的捐赠分割的特殊用途，(3)法国家庭财产解决方案的灵活性可能是通过公证格式建立的公证格式，在实践中的长期经验证明，(4)法国的财政制度也考虑到了这些习惯和做法。(5)2001年底的《继承改革法》实现了对在世配偶继承权的强化；(6)至於体弱长者的长期照顾制度，自2001年7月起，以个人自主性援助(APA)取代1997年年初引入的“扶养互助制度”(PSD)。日本和法国都在进入家庭财产立法的过渡阶段。应当深入考虑上述各点，并综合考虑这些问题。

1.As far as Japan's concerned, the following points are observed: (1)the case law emphasizing one's. testament so-called "make inherit" should play an important role both in theory and practice, (2)it's still difficult to identify the usages and types of such testaments, mainly because of a shortage of data, (3) that goes too, for the arrangement of the family conflicts on the frail older parents' care and maintenance, (4) these situations might be relevant with the characteristics of the Japanese legal and fiscal systems of the family property succession, 5)about the long-term care insurance, the time ist not so ripe for evaluating its effects on the behavior of the family property succession.2.In France, contrastively, 1) the matrimonial regime of property has occupied an important place in the family property legislation, 2) the French Civil Law stipulates the various procedures of the property arrangement between the spouses, such as mutual consent to give benefits of the matrimonial regime, the special usage of donation-partage between the heirs, (3) the French flexibility of the family property solutions might be enabled by the notary format which has set up the formulated usages, attested by the long experience in practice, (4)the French fiscal system also takes these usages and practices into considerations, (5) the reinforcement of the succession rights of the survived spouse is realized by the Succession Reform Act in the end of 2001 ; (6)as to the long-term care system for the frail elders, the APA(Personal Assistance for Autonomy) is substituted, in July 2001, for the former PSD (Solidarity Provision for Dependency) introduced in the beginning of 1997.3.This subject has an important range to explore. Both Japan and France are proceeding to a transitional stage of the family property legislation. It should be necessary to consider in depth the points mentioned above and synthesize the considerations of them.