A comparative study between Japan and France, concerning the subjects of the legal relationship within the care-support and the property succession in the Ageing Society

1.就日本而言，可以观察到以下几点：(1)强调本国的判例法。所谓的“立继承”遗嘱在理论和实践中都应发挥重要作用，(2)此类遗嘱的用途和类型仍难以确定，主要原因是数据的缺乏；(3)对于安排体弱多病的年迈父母的照顾和赡养方面的家庭冲突也是如此；(4)这些情况可能与日本家庭财产继承的法律和财政制度的特点有关；评估其对家族财产继承行为影响的时机还不太成熟。相比之下，在法国，1)婚姻财产制度在家庭财产立法中占有重要地位；2)法国民法规定了配偶之间财产安排的各种程序，如双方同意给予婚姻财产制度的利益；(3)法国家庭财产解决方案的灵活性可以通过公证人的形式来实现，公证人的形式已经建立了制定的惯例，这是长期实践经验的证明；(4)法国财政制度也考虑了这些惯例和做法；(5)2001年底的继承改革法案实现了对未亡配偶继承权的加强；（六）至于体弱长者的长期照顾制度，已于二一年七月取代一九九七年年初推行的“独立个人援助”制度7.3。这门学科有一个重要的探索范围。日本和法国都处于家庭财产立法的过渡阶段。有必要深入考虑上述几点，并综合考虑它们。

1.As far as Japan's concerned, the following points are observed: (1)the case law emphasizing one's. testament so-called "make inherit" should play an important role both in theory and practice, (2)it's still difficult to identify the usages and types of such testaments, mainly because of a shortage of data, (3) that goes too, for the arrangement of the family conflicts on the frail older parents' care and maintenance, (4) these situations might be relevant with the characteristics of the Japanese legal and fiscal systems of the family property succession, 5)about the long-term care insurance, the time ist not so ripe for evaluating its effects on the behavior of the family property succession.2.In France, contrastively, 1) the matrimonial regime of property has occupied an important place in the family property legislation, 2) the French Civil Law stipulates the various procedures of the property arrangement between the spouses, such as mutual consent to give benefits of the matrimonial regime, the special usage of donation-partage between the heirs, (3) the French flexibility of the family property solutions might be enabled by the notary format which has set up the formulated usages, attested by the long experience in practice, (4)the French fiscal system also takes these usages and practices into considerations, (5) the reinforcement of the succession rights of the survived spouse is realized by the Succession Reform Act in the end of 2001 ; (6)as to the long-term care system for the frail elders, the APA(Personal Assistance for Autonomy) is substituted, in July 2001, for the former PSD (Solidarity Provision for Dependency) introduced in the beginning of 1997.3.This subject has an important range to explore. Both Japan and France are proceeding to a transitional stage of the family property legislation. It should be necessary to consider in depth the points mentioned above and synthesize the considerations of them.