An Empirical Comparative Study of the Prosecution Process in Japan and France

日本与法国起诉过程的实证比较研究

• 批准号: 12620067
• 负责人: MURAYAMA Masayuki
• 金额: $ 2.3万
• 依托单位: Chiba University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2000 至 2001
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12620067/
• 关键词: Criminal Prosecution; Criminal Justice Process; Prosecutor; Decision to Prosecute; Investigation Activities; Investigation Judge; Japanese-French Comparison; 起訴裁量; 比較研究

This research focuses on the prosecution process in Japan and France. The data were obtained mainly by interviews of prosecutors in Japan, while they were obtained by direct observations and interviews of prosecutors and investigating judges in France. In France, the pre-trial investigation is shared by the prosecutors and the investigating judges, the latter handling "crimes" and "delits" which require further investigations, while the former handling all the others. The police work closely with the prosecutors, who give immediate instructions to the former. The prosecutors exercise the discretionary power to decide the dismissal, suspension and prosecution of cases, according to the criteria given by the Ministry of Justice. The decision of the prosecutor is quick, while that of the investigating judge requires six months to a year before completing investigation. The pre-trial investigation by the judge seems a real fact finding process, while trial is an occasion to confirm or, in a few cases, reject the decision of the investigating judge in public. In cases prosecuted by the prosecutors, the confession rate seems high and the defense counsel relies on the dossier which was produced by the prosecution side. The role performances of the Japanese counterparts seem to be very similar, except for the institutional independence of the police and the adversarial structure of trial in Japan.

本研究以日本和法国的起诉程序为研究对象。这些数据主要是通过对日本检察官的采访获得的，而它们是通过对法国检察官和调查法官的直接观察和采访获得的。在法国，审前调查由检察官和调查法官共同进行，后者处理需要进一步调查的“罪行”和“犯罪行为”，而前者处理所有其他案件。警方与检察官密切合作，检察官立即向前者发出指示。检察官根据司法部规定的标准，行使决定驳回、中止和起诉案件的自由裁量权。检察官的决定很快，而调查法官需要六个月到一年的时间才能完成调查。法官的预审调查似乎是一个真正的事实查明过程，而审判是公开确认或在少数情况下拒绝调查法官的决定的机会。在检察官起诉的案件中，认罪率似乎很高，辩护律师依赖检方提供的卷宗。除了日本警察的机构独立性和审判的对抗性结构外，日本同行的角色表现似乎非常相似。