The Consultation Network and the Role of Lawyers for the Use of Law by Divorcing Spouses

这个研究项目试图探讨如何向离婚配偶提供咨询服务，特别是在市政厅的咨询局。我们通过对服务提供者的邮寄问卷、对用户的问卷以及对律师协会和法律援助协会提供的法律咨询管理人员的访谈，获得了相关的实证数据。在东京，病房、城市和小镇提供各种离婚咨询服务。它不仅包括法律问题，还包括经济问题，甚至心理问题。对于最后一类问题，专门的咨询师工作。情感问题经常被强调为争端的一个重要方面，但是已经有这样的咨询机构来满足这些需要。咨询机构的问题是，法律咨询没有提供足够的服务来满足离婚配偶的需要。离婚的法律方面往往与经济方面有关。咨询…更多的提供经济问题服务的机构平均为一个客户花费大约一个小时。然而，法律咨询机构平均花费的时间只有30分钟甚至更少。除了新宿的专门家庭法律咨询外，律师协会提供的法律咨询服务也是如此。城市咨询用户的职业特征与法律援助法律咨询的职业特征非常相似。事实上，大多数城市咨询机构都会把他们的客户推荐给法律援助协会。法律援助咨询用户的最大群体也是由城市咨询局推荐的。这是很自然的，因为大多数离婚客户都是妻子，她们中的大多数没有工作，也没有多少收入。他们选择城市咨询局，不是因为他们住的地方近，而是因为他们是免费的。将法律咨询时间缩短至30分钟，意味着客户应该重新预约，或者如果不喜欢，就应该聘请律师。然而，大多数妻子都担心离婚后的经济状况。除非他们确信离婚后律师的工作可以毫无困难地得到报酬，否则他们不愿意聘请律师。然而，他们需要具体的“党派”建议来解决他们的问题，而不是一般的法律知识。然后，我们需要较少形式主义和灵活的法律咨询，以充分满足离婚配偶的需要。少

This research project tried to explore how consultation service was provided to divorcing spouses particularly at consultation bureaus at city halls. We obtained relevant empirical data by mail questionnaire to service providers, questionnaire to users and interviews with administrators of legal consultation provided by the bar associations and the legal aid association.Wards, cities and a town provide a variety of consultation service for divorce in Tokyo. It covers not only legal problems but also economical problems and even psychological problems. For the last kind of problems specialized counselors work. Emotional problems are often emphasized as an important aspect of disputes, but there are already such consultation bureaus as to respond to those needs. The problem with consultation bureaus is that the legal consultation does not provide adequate service for satisfying the needs of divorcing spouses. Legal aspects are often related with economic aspects in divorce. Consultation … More bureaus which give service for economical problems spend on average about one hour for a client. However, legal consultation bureaus spend on average only 30 minutes or even less. This is also the case with legal consultation service provided by bar associations, except the specialized legal consultation for family matters in Shinjuku.The occupational profile of city consultation users is very similar to that of legal aid legal consultation. In fact, most city consultation bureaus refer their clients to the legal aid association. The largest group of the legal aid consultation users is also referred to by city consultation bureaus. This is only natural, because the majority of clients for divorce are wives, the majority of whom do not have job nor much income. They chose city consultation bureaus, not because they are close to the place where they lived, but because they were free of charge. Cutting the time of legal consultation up to 30 minutes means that clients should make another reservation and come, or if they do not like it, they should hire a lawyer. However, most wives are concerned with their financial situations after divorce. Unless they are assured that lawyer's work can be paid without difficulty after divorce, they are not willing to hire lawyers. However, they need concrete "partisan" advice to solve their problems, rather than general legal knowledge. Then, we need less formalistic, flexible legal consultation which would respond to the needs of divorcing spouses adequately. Less