Distribution of malonylated anthocyanins and relationship between the genotype and practical characteristic in strawberry

在以往的研究中，草莓丙二酸花青素的产生被认为是由两个显性基因控制的，一个是产生大量的3-丙二酸葡萄糖苷（PMG），另一个是产生微量的PMG。然而，当对以往研究中未检测到PMG的品种的果实中花青素成分进行精确测定时，瘦果中PMG的含量相当高，尽管含量很少，但果皮中也有PMG的含量。所分析的10个品种瘦果中也含有花青素- 3-丙二烯基葡萄糖苷。果皮中含有大部分花青素，果皮中PMG或花青素衍生物在总花青素中所占的比例受果皮中花青素含量的影响。显性PMG产生基因可能控制果皮花青素丙二醛化。对采自中国科学院库鲁姆分院的246个草莓品种进行了花色苷成分分析。在国外品种中，产生大量和痕量PMG的品种数量之比为100:35，符合预期的3:1分离。而日本品种的比例为68:41。在日本品种中，许多从NIVOT Kurume分公司发布的品种，如“Harunoka”，缺乏Pgd-3MG。为了确定“野野”自交后代的基因型，将只产生微量PMG的“Sachinoka”或“Ai-Berry”进行杂交。超过一半的后代死于疾病。花青素丙二酸基因（Amg）基因型在存活4年的后代中以1:2:1的比例分离，纯合子基因型（Amg/Amg）的PMG相对组成高于杂合子基因型。然而，在果实的糖浓度、成分和颜色等其他实用性状上，基因型之间没有显著差异。Amg应该是独立继承的。

In previous studies, productionj of malonylated anthocyanin in strawberry was supposed to be controlled by two dominant genes those produce a large amount of Pelargonidin 3-malonylglucoside (PMG) and a trace level of PMG. However, when composition of anthocyanins in fruit parts was determined precisely in fruits of cultivars from which PMG was not detected in previous studies, a considerably high amount of PMG occurred in achenes and although the amount was quite little, it also occurred in fruit skin. Cyanidin 3-malonylglucoside also occurred in achenes of 10 cultivars analyzed. Ratio of PMG or cyanidin derivatives in total anthocyanins is affected by the occurrence in fruit skin which contains most part of anthocyanins in fruit. The dominant PMG producing gene may control malonylation of anthocyanins in fruit skin.For 246 strawberry cultivars collected in Kurume Branch of NIVOT, composition of anthocyanins were analyzed. The ratio in number of cultivars those producing large amount and trace level of PMG, was 100:35 in foreign cultivars and it agreed with the expected segregation of 3:1. But the ratio was 68:41 in Japanese cultivars. Within Japanese cultivars, many of those released from Kurume Branch of NIVOT, such as 'Harunoka', are lacking Pgd-3MG.To determine the genotype of selfed progeny of 'Nyoho', 'Sachinoka' or 'Ai-Berry' which produce only trace level of PMG, were crossed to the progeny. More than half of the progeny dead because of diseases. The genotype for anthocyanin malonylating gene (Amg) segregated into 1:2:1 in the progeny that had survived for 4 years and the relative composition of PMG was higher in homozygous (Amg/Amg) genotypes than heterozygous ones. However, there was no significant differences between the genotypes in other practical characteristics, such as sugar concentration, composition or color of fruit. Amg was supposed to be inherited independently.