Distribution of malonylated anthocyanins and relationship between the genotype and practical characteristic in strawberry

在以往的研究中，草莓丙二酸化花青素的产生被认为是由两个显性基因控制的，这两个基因产生大量的天花粉蛋白3-丙二酰葡萄糖苷(PMG)和微量的PMG。然而，在以往研究中没有检测到PMG的品种中，当准确地测定果实部分的花色苷组成时，瘦果中出现了相当高的PMG，虽然数量很少，但它也存在于果皮中。10个品种的瘦果中也含有氰基-3-丙二酸基葡萄糖苷。PMG或花青素衍生物在总花色苷中的比例受果皮的存在情况影响，果皮中含有大部分花色苷。以NIVOT库鲁姆分部采集的246个草莓品种为材料，分析了果皮中花色苷的丙二酰化作用。国外品种PMG产量高、含量低的品种数量比例为100：35，符合预期的3：1分离，而日本品种比例为68：41。在日本品种中，许多从NIVOT的库鲁姆分部释放的品种，如‘Harunoka’，都缺乏PGD-3MG。为了确定‘Nyoho’、‘Sachinoka’或‘Ai-Berry’的自交后代的基因型，将它们与后代杂交，这些品种只产生微量的PMG。超过一半的后代死于疾病。在存活4年的后代中，花青素丙二酸化基因(AMG)的基因型为1：2：1，且纯合子(AMG/AMG)的PMG相对组成高于杂合子。但在含糖量、果实成分、果实颜色等实际性状上，品种间差异不显著。AMG应该是独立遗传的。

In previous studies, productionj of malonylated anthocyanin in strawberry was supposed to be controlled by two dominant genes those produce a large amount of Pelargonidin 3-malonylglucoside (PMG) and a trace level of PMG. However, when composition of anthocyanins in fruit parts was determined precisely in fruits of cultivars from which PMG was not detected in previous studies, a considerably high amount of PMG occurred in achenes and although the amount was quite little, it also occurred in fruit skin. Cyanidin 3-malonylglucoside also occurred in achenes of 10 cultivars analyzed. Ratio of PMG or cyanidin derivatives in total anthocyanins is affected by the occurrence in fruit skin which contains most part of anthocyanins in fruit. The dominant PMG producing gene may control malonylation of anthocyanins in fruit skin.For 246 strawberry cultivars collected in Kurume Branch of NIVOT, composition of anthocyanins were analyzed. The ratio in number of cultivars those producing large amount and trace level of PMG, was 100:35 in foreign cultivars and it agreed with the expected segregation of 3:1. But the ratio was 68:41 in Japanese cultivars. Within Japanese cultivars, many of those released from Kurume Branch of NIVOT, such as 'Harunoka', are lacking Pgd-3MG.To determine the genotype of selfed progeny of 'Nyoho', 'Sachinoka' or 'Ai-Berry' which produce only trace level of PMG, were crossed to the progeny. More than half of the progeny dead because of diseases. The genotype for anthocyanin malonylating gene (Amg) segregated into 1:2:1 in the progeny that had survived for 4 years and the relative composition of PMG was higher in homozygous (Amg/Amg) genotypes than heterozygous ones. However, there was no significant differences between the genotypes in other practical characteristics, such as sugar concentration, composition or color of fruit. Amg was supposed to be inherited independently.