Distribution of malonylated anthocyanins and relationship between the genotype and practical characteristic in strawberry

在以往的研究中，草莓中丙二酰化花青素的产生被认为是由两个显性基因控制的，这两个基因产生大量的天竺葵素3-丙二酰葡萄糖苷（PMG）和微量的PMG。然而，当花色素苷在水果部分的组成，从PMG在以前的研究中没有检测到的品种的果实中，一个相当高的量的PMG发生在瘦果，虽然量是相当少的，它也发生在果皮。矢车菊素3-丙二酰葡萄糖苷也出现在10个品种的瘦果中。果皮中含有大部分花色苷，影响PMG或花青素衍生物在总花色苷中的比例。以南京理工大学草莓分支的246个草莓品种为材料，对花色苷的组成进行了分析。国外品种中产生大量和微量PMG的品种数之比为100：35，与3：1的分离结果相一致。而日本栽培品种的比例为68：41。在日本品种中，许多从NIVOT的Kuryan-Branch分离的品种，如'Harunoka'，缺乏Pgd-3 MG。为了确定'Nyoho'，'Sachinoka'或'Ai-Berry'自交后代的基因型，只产生微量水平的PMG，与后代杂交。一半以上的后代死于疾病。在4年生后代中，花色苷丙二酸化基因（Amg）的基因型分布为1：2：1，且纯合（Amg/Amg）基因型的PMG相对组成高于杂合基因型。而在果实糖浓度、果实成分、果实颜色等性状上，基因型间差异不显著。Amg被认为是独立遗传的。

In previous studies, productionj of malonylated anthocyanin in strawberry was supposed to be controlled by two dominant genes those produce a large amount of Pelargonidin 3-malonylglucoside (PMG) and a trace level of PMG. However, when composition of anthocyanins in fruit parts was determined precisely in fruits of cultivars from which PMG was not detected in previous studies, a considerably high amount of PMG occurred in achenes and although the amount was quite little, it also occurred in fruit skin. Cyanidin 3-malonylglucoside also occurred in achenes of 10 cultivars analyzed. Ratio of PMG or cyanidin derivatives in total anthocyanins is affected by the occurrence in fruit skin which contains most part of anthocyanins in fruit. The dominant PMG producing gene may control malonylation of anthocyanins in fruit skin.For 246 strawberry cultivars collected in Kurume Branch of NIVOT, composition of anthocyanins were analyzed. The ratio in number of cultivars those producing large amount and trace level of PMG, was 100:35 in foreign cultivars and it agreed with the expected segregation of 3:1. But the ratio was 68:41 in Japanese cultivars. Within Japanese cultivars, many of those released from Kurume Branch of NIVOT, such as 'Harunoka', are lacking Pgd-3MG.To determine the genotype of selfed progeny of 'Nyoho', 'Sachinoka' or 'Ai-Berry' which produce only trace level of PMG, were crossed to the progeny. More than half of the progeny dead because of diseases. The genotype for anthocyanin malonylating gene (Amg) segregated into 1:2:1 in the progeny that had survived for 4 years and the relative composition of PMG was higher in homozygous (Amg/Amg) genotypes than heterozygous ones. However, there was no significant differences between the genotypes in other practical characteristics, such as sugar concentration, composition or color of fruit. Amg was supposed to be inherited independently.