Inheritance of malonylated anthocyanin production and distribution of the pigment in fruit of strawberry cultivars

‘尼奥’果实着色过程中总花色素苷含量呈线性增加，但果皮的色相角从花后41天起没有变化。天竺葵素3-丙二酰葡萄糖苷（Pdg-3 MG）的组成是约。20%的总花色苷在整个果实着色。在20个供试品种中，11个品种出现Pdg-3 MG，其余品种均未出现。Pgd-3 MG产生与缺失对草莓果实颜色的形成无明显影响，但品种间总花色素苷含量差异较大，Pgd-3 MG产生与缺失对草莓果实颜色的形成无明显影响。然而，当更精确地分析时，可以检测到痕量水平（小于1%的花青素苷）的Pdg-3 MG。在Pdg-3 MG组成中，'Nyoho'和'Darselect'的后代分别为64：8：11和35：10：3，即高（>4.4%）：微量（<0.7%）：无。说明草莓丙二酸化花色素苷的产生受Pgd-3 MG（Pmg-1）和Pmg-2（Pmg-2）两对显性基因控制，日本品种中Pgd-3 MG缺失的品种比例高于国外品种。在日本栽培品种中，许多从NIVOT的Kuryang分支释放的品种，如'Harunoka'，缺乏Pgd-3 MG。Pgd-3 MG的发生与果实的糖浓度、成分、颜色等性状之间没有明显的相关性。

In 'Nyoho', the concentration of total anthocyanins increased linearly during fruit coloring, however the hue angle of fruit skin did not change from 41 days after anthesis. The composition of Pelargonidin 3-malonylglucoside (Pdg-3MG) was ca.20% of total anthocyanins throughout fruit coloring. Among 20 cultivars examined, Pdg-3MG occurred in 11 and did not in the rest. Although the concentration of total anthocyanins varied much among cultivars, there were no significant difference between two groups of cultivars producing Pdg-3MG and lacking it. The occurrence or absence may not affect color development of strawberry fruits.Selfed progeny of Pgd-3MG producing 'Nyoho' segregated into 84 producing and 25 lacking plants. However, when analyzed more precisely, trace level (less than 1% of anthocyanins) of Pdg-3MG could be detected. Progenies of 'Nyoho' and 'Darselect' segregated into 64 : 8 : 11 and 35 : 10 : 3 for high (>4.4%) : trace (<0.7%) : non in Pdg-3MG composition, respectively. It may indicate that the production of malonylated anthocyanin in strawberry is controlled by two dominant genes those produce much Pgd-3MG (Pmg-1) and trace level (Pmg-2).The ratio in number of cultivars those lacking Pgd-3MG to producing, was higher in Japanese cultivars than in foreign cultivars. Within Japanese cultivars, many of those released from Kurume Branch of NIVOT, such as 'Harunoka', are lacking Pgd-3MG. There could not be found any relationships between the occurrence of Pgd-3MG and practical fruit characteristics, such as sugar concentration, composition or color of fruit.