Elucidation of symbiotic mechanisms in lichens used secretions from algal partner

地衣分枝体的次生代谢物是厘清地衣共生起源的关键。据认为，藻类伴侣的分泌促进了与地衣分枝体的共生关系。在这个项目中，使用单独培养每个伙伴的技术，对藻类产生的这些化学物质进行了分离和鉴定。本研究选用一株葡萄球菌的真菌，该菌株在分离阶段和共生阶段产生不同的物质。作为第一步，我们尝试调查从藻类到地衣分枝生物中具有生理活性的物质。对猪粪和血肿上活性相似的物质进行了调查。在Opegrapha和Graphis sp.分枝菌中分别发现萘醌衍生物，在Lecanora中发现二苯并呋喃，在Haematomma中发现蒽醌类。在这些项目中，检测到具有活性的混合物，但由于物质较少，引发物质的分离和鉴定非常困难。因此，培养大量的菌落是必不可少的。另一方面，这种物质似乎是稳定的。现在我们还在继续提纯这种物质。

Secondary metabolites in lichen mycobionts serve the key for clarifying the origin of lichen symbiosis. It was thought that the secretion from the algal partner promotes to build up the symbiotic relationship with lichen mycobionts. In this project, isolation and identification of such chemical substances produced by algae was performed, using the technique, which cultures each partner separately. Mycobiont from one strain of Graphis, which produces different substances between isolated stage and symbiotic stage, was used for this project. As the first step, we tried to survey substances from algae which have physiological activity to lichen mycobionts. Substances on Lecanora and Haematomma with similar acitivity was surveyed. Naphthaquinone derivatives were also discovered in mycobionts of Opegrapha and Graphis sp., dibenzofurans in Lecanora and anthraquinones in Haematomma, respectively. In those projects, mixture having activity was detected, but isolation and identification of trigger substance was very difficult because of minor substances. Thus, cultivation of a large amount of colonies is essential. On the other hand, this substance appears to be stable. Now we continue to try purification of this substance still.