Basic Research on Materialization of Apple Polyphenol as Functional Food

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Biological activities of apple polyphenol oligomer derived from unripe apple in this study. Peroxidation of low density lipoprotein was strongly inhibited by apple polyphenol oligomer in in vitro assay and its potency was equal to that of tea catechin. Dietary apple polyphenol oligomer lowered the levels of liver phospholipids hydroperoxides in rats in the dose-dependent manner. Dietary apple polyphenol oligomer also lowered the activities of hepatic HMG-CoA reductase and Δ6 desaturase in rats. On the other hand, the activity of hepatic cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase was increased by dietary apple polyphenol oligomer. Reflecting these modulations of enzyme activities, liver cholesterol level and Δ6 desaturation indices of tissue lipids were lowered and fecal excretion level of acidic steroids was increased in rats fed apple polyphenol oligomer. The ratio of HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol was increased by intake of apple polyphenol oligomer The dimer and trimer of apple polyphenol oligomer were identified in serum in rats fed apple polyphenol oligomer. Moreover, many unidentified compounds derived from apple polyphenol oligomer were found in serum in rats fed apple polyphenol, although these compounds were not identified in serum in rats fed polyphenol-free diet. Therefore, absorbed and decomposed compounds derived from apple polyphenol oligomer may exhibit various biological functions such as antioxidative action and regulation of lipid metabolism.