A study of psychological and educational measurement for introducing test equating into official examinations in Japan

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We have investigated a possible way of introducing test equating methods into official examinations in Japan. While some advanced psychometric procedures are important for constructing common scales, we also took notes on other human and financial aspects in testing. Although item response theory and its algorithm were carefully investigated and they were practically used, training of item writers and constructing data base of items are stressed, especially in the development of new tests of Japanese as a second language. Regal problems which would happen when test equating is done in any entrance examinations were studied as well. Possible difficulties in introducing test equating to 'climates of examinations' in eastern Asia were pointed out from theoretical and practical points of view.