Characteristics of metabolism of fatty acid and glucose in human cancer

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1. Fatty acid synthase (FAS) was highly expressed in prenoplastic lesions of esophagus and stomach in addition to their carcioma. Bladder carcinoma exhibited high expression of FAS even in dysphasia and/or carcinoma in situ. On the other hand, FAS expression was not observed in hyperplasia or adenoma of the pancreas in spite of high expression in the pancreatic carcinoma.2. FAS expression combined with Ki-67 labelling indices was an indicator of prognosis in soft tissue sarcoma.3. Cell lines of colon carcinoma and undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma showed necrosis and apoptosis by treatment with cerulenin, a specific inhibitor for FAS, with marked decrease in ATP content in the treated cancer cells.4. Multi-drug resistant leukemic cell lines treated with cerulenin exhibited more pronounced cell death1 than their parent cell lines did.5. The cerulenin-treated cancer cells revealed decreased expression of acyl Co-A synthase, lysophosphatidic acid transferase-β and N-myristoylacyltransferase-2, and increased expression of middle chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase-α and N-mirystoylacyltransferase-1. In addition, the cells disclosed increased expression of hexokinase-1.6. The carcioma cells derived from widely metastatic clone of AH7974 rat ascites hepatoma highly expressed FAS when they migrated in the blood vessels, while the parent cells of AH7974 in the blood vessels were very low or null in FAS-expression.7. Expression of liver type fatty acid binding protein (FABP) showed similar pattern to that of FAS in stomach and lung cancers.8. Expression of heart type FABP was associated with progression, aggressiveness of stomach carcinoma and patient survival of this cancer, which was in marked contrast with breast carcinoma of which growth was suppressed by H-FABP.9. Glucose trasporter-1 was a marker for prognosis of stomach and lung carcinoma.