Studies on the regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis by drugs

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Effects of clofibric acid and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on the formation of oleic acid was studied in combination with diabetes or carbohydrate administration. Both clofibric acid and DHEA caused an increase in oleic acid and a decrease in linoleic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. By contrast, the proportion of oleic acid and palmitoleic acid was increased while the proportion of linoleic acid and arachidonic acid decreased upon carbohydrate administration. The activities of △9 desaturase (SCD) and palmitoyl-CoA chain elongase (PCE) were increased by DHEA, carbohydrate and clofibric acid. The induction of both enzymes were different when clofibric acid was treated in combination with carbohydrate. The proportion of oleic acid was increased at the same condition. In diabetic state, both SCD and PCE activities while glucose did not. DHEA accelerated fatty acid oxidation in mitochondria despite that DHEA induced the enzymes responsible for fatty acid oxidation in both mitochondria and peroxisomes in vitro.The above results suggest that SCD and PCE were induced by various conditions, however, fatty acid composition differed between the conditions. Different induction and consumption of fatty acid may be responsible for different effects on fatty acid composition.