Research for the Recognition and the Self -Utilization of Tactile Graphic Media in Higher Education by the Blind

我们观察盲人如何阅读已配置为触觉图形的信息。为了识别触觉形式的映射思想，我们发现盲人需要两种类型的能力。现代教育媒体中有许多图形。尤其是高等教育，用图形描绘学术概念的复杂性和难度都非常高。目前还没有关于大学盲人学生如何利用这些图形资源进行学习的研究。日本国立大学和私立大学共同的大学入学考试“国家中心考试”包含许多图片，这些图片接近高等教育水平。测试中的图形被转化为触觉图形或盲人申请人的其他替代品。我们观察了盲人学生用触觉图形回答试题的行为，发现他们可以阅读多种类型的图形。他们很容易理解图案图、地图和图片，但由于缺乏有关该主题的知识，他们无法回答问题。他们需要更多的时间来识别统计数字，尤其是对于未学过的图形样式。盲人学生必须至少具备两种阅读教育媒体图表的能力。一是关于学科中各类图形对象的知识，二是触觉模式识别。这些结果表明，在盲人触觉人物教育中，教授如何检索信息与人物识别训练一样重要。

We observed how blind people read information which has been configured into tactile graphics. In order to recognize mapped ideas in tactile forms, we found that blind people need two types of competence. There are many graphics in modern educational media. Especially for the higher education, the complexities and difficulties of academic concepts depicted in figures are very high in the level. There are no studies of how blind students in universities use these graphic resources for studying. The National Center Test, the common university entrance examinations for national and private universities in Japan, include many pictures and these pictures are near higher education level. Graphics in tests are transformed into tactile graphics or other alternatives for blind applicants. We observed blind students' answering behavior of examination questions with tactile graphics and found that they could read many types of graphics. They understood pattern diagrams, maps ancfspictures easily, but they failed to answer questions because of lack of knowledge about the subject. They need more time to recognize statistical figures, especially for unlearned styles of graphics. Blind students are required to have at least two types of literacy for reading graphs in educational media. One is knowledge about the object of various types of graphics for academic subjects and the other is haptic pattern recognition. These results suggest that teaching how to retrieve information is as crucial as figural recognition training in education with tactile figures for the blind.