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A Role of farmstead groves to conserve biodiversity in agro-ecosystem

农田树林在保护农业生态系统生物多样性中的作用

基本信息

批准号：
12680559
负责人：
TAKEHARA Akihide
金额：
$ 1.73万
依托单位：
Iwate University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2002
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Farmstead groves are built surrounding the farmsteads to protect a house against the severe climate, and the natural disaster, and to secure fuel and building materials. We tried to make a role clear the mechanism and function of groves from the point of maintenance and creation of biodiversity by using the landscape ecological technique. Investigation was done in the Isawa Fan in Iwate Prefecture.1. Grove was in 75% of the farmsteads, and formed typical rural landscape. Structure of the gorves was similar to that of Cryptomeria japonica plantation but a few groves had the characteristics of secondary forests. The species diversity index of the groves higher than that of the secondary forests near the hills, so that we could observed 200 species and more of plants in groves. By the reason, many plants (for example, forest species, margin sp., crop filed sp., endozoochorous woody species or naturalized species) invaded into the groves that had wide margin area enclosed with paddy fields and human impacts. As for such results, the species compositions of seeds in soils and birds were rich species diversity, but coleopteron communities were poor and simple. It considered to the severe and simple environmental conditions for coleopteron communities.2. There was a distributional relationship between terrace surfaces and grove sizes : the groves of small size were frequently occurred on the lowest surface developed before Edo Period and those of large size were dominant on the upper surface developed after the Second World War. In recent years, the area of groves in all terrace surfaces decreased gradually by using GIS. It became clear that the environment to surround farmstead groves was severe by the influence of agricultural land maintenance, fuel revolution, ageing and urbanization upon rural society.

农场周围建有格罗夫斯，以保护房屋免受恶劣气候和自然灾害的影响，并获得燃料和建筑材料。本文试图从景观生态学的角度，从维持和创造生物多样性的角度，阐明格罗夫斯的作用机制和功能。调查是在岩手县的岩和扇进行的。1.格罗夫分布在75%的农庄中，形成了典型的乡村景观。林分结构与柳杉人工林相似，但少数格罗夫斯具有次生林的特征。小格罗夫斯的物种多样性指数高于近山次生林，可观察到200种以上的植物。由于这个原因，许多植物（例如，森林物种，边缘物种，农作物田间种，内栖木本种或归化种）入侵到有广阔边缘区域被稻田和人为影响所包围的格罗夫斯林。土壤种子和鸟类的物种组成具有丰富的多样性，而鞘翅目的物种组成相对贫乏和简单。对鞘翅目昆虫群落的环境条件进行了综合考虑.阶地表面与格罗夫大小之间存在着一定的分布关系：小规模的格罗夫斯多出现在江户时代以前发育的最低表面，而大规模的格罗夫则主要出现在第二次世界大战以后发育的最高表面。近年来，利用GIS技术，各阶地上的格罗夫斯面积逐渐减少。很明显，由于农业土地的维护、燃料革命、老龄化和城市化对农村社会的影响，农场格罗夫斯周围的环境是严峻的。