Research for the development of an implantable artificial heart for permanent use

本研究的目的是研制一种小型、高性能的可植入人工心脏，实现永久使用的人工心脏。旋转波动泵是一种以磁悬浮驱动为目标而发展起来的新型波动泵。第一个模型是用带有永磁体的圆盘和带有电磁铁和霍尔传感器的泵壳开发的。设计了驱动电路，对三角线、Y线和斥力三种驱动方式进行了测试。在斥力法中，圆盘是由磁斥力驱动的。结果表明，斥力法的效率明显低于其他两种方法。因此，主动控制间隙距离的三角线或Y线方法被认为比不需要主动间隙控制的排斥力方法更好。在此基础上，提出了球面永磁体位于环形圆盘中心的第二种模型。第二种型号采用新开发的驱动电路，不使用霍尔传感器。第二种型号在100mmHg压力负荷下可产生7L/min。为了实现对间隙距离的主动控制，实验研制了一种基于光纤的间隙传感器。在这个间隙传感器中，可以检测到血液散射光。结果表明，该传感器可以控制0 ~ 0.5mm的间隙距离。在采用非旋转脉动泵的脉动泵全人工心脏中，针对第三种模型存在的问题，提出了第四种模型。在第四种模型中，对其总体设计、制造工艺和驱动机构进行了全面改变。第四个模型可以让山羊存活11天。

The purpose of this research was to develop a small implantable artificial heart with high performance to realize an artificial heart for permanent use. The rotary undulation pump, which is a quite new undulation pump, has been developing aiming to be driven with a magnetic levitation method. The first model was developed with a disk having permanent magnets and pump housing having electromagnets and hall sensors. The drive circuit was developed to examine the delta wired, Y wired and repulsion drive methods. In the repulsion method, the disk was driven by the magnetic repulsion. The result showed that the efficiency was quite lower in the repulsion method than in the other two methods. Therefore, the delta wired or Y wired methods with an active control of the gap distance was considered to be better than the repulsion method that required no active gap control. Based on the result, the second model in which spherical surface electromagnets were situated at the center of the ring-shaped disk that involves spherical surface permanent magnets was developed. The second model was driven without any hall sensors with newly developed drive circuit. The second model could generate 7L/min against 100mmHg of pressure load. To realize an active control of the gap distance, a gap sensor using optical fiber was experimentally developed. In this gap sensor, scattered light with blood was detected. The result showed the possibility that gap distance of 0 to 0.5mm could be controlled with this sensor. In the undulation pump total artificial heart using non-rotation undulation pump, forth model was developed to improve the problems in the third model. In the forth model, its total design, making procedure and drive mechanism were fully changed. A goat could survive for 11 days with the forth model.