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Study on glacier shrinkage in the Himalayas under the monsoon

季风作用下喜马拉雅山冰川收缩研究

基本信息

批准号：
13373006
负责人：
AGETA Yutaka
金额：
$ 18.89万
依托单位：
Nagoya University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2001 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13373006/
关键词：
glacier Himalayas glacier shrinkage monsoon glacial lake monitoring of glacier variation international exchange of scientists Bhutan : Nepal ブータン:ネパール:インド

项目摘要

Glaciers in the Himalayas are sensitive to the global warming and the recent shrinkage is distinct in the world, since most of snow accumulation falls during a summer monsoon season. This study aimed to compare the regional glacier variations and to clarify the mechanism of shrinkage of the monsoon type glaciers. Field studies were carried out in Bhutan, east Himalayas under the strong monsoon effect and Nepal where glaciers have been monitored by us since the 1970s, and semi-arid India was briefly observed. Satellite images were also analyzed.In Bhutan in cooperation with Geological Survey of Bhutan, automatic meteorological data were recorded in glacier areas for two years from OCT 2002 at a station and for a year from SEP 2003 at another. Melting and flow of two debris-covered glaciers were surveyed for two years. The glacier calved terminal ice into a large pro-glacial lake without decrease of flow speed. As the result, glacier thickness decreased and the lake was enlarged, in contrast with another type glacier of which terminal moraine touches to ice terminus. Analysis method of satellite images to obtain distribution of glacier melting was developed on the basis of ground truth.In Nepal in cooperation with Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, glacier variations were surveyed in 2004 since 1999 in Khumbu and Shorong Himals with GPS and a theodolite. Debris-covered Khumbu Glacier has continued thinning. Shrinkage of debris-free small glaciers are accelerating. Benchmarks were prepared for further monitoring of glacier variations.From various analyses, it is recognized that the recent glacier shrinkage is distinct in the west Himalayas and the shrinkage is more remarkable in the east Himalayas under the stronger monsoon.

喜马拉雅山脉的冰川对全球变暖非常敏感，最近的萎缩在世界上是明显的，因为大部分积雪福尔斯在夏季季风季节。本研究旨在比较区域冰川变化，阐明季风型冰川萎缩的机制。在不丹、强季风影响下的东喜马拉雅地区和尼泊尔进行了实地研究，我们自20世纪70年代以来一直在监测冰川，并对半干旱的印度进行了简要观察。在不丹，与不丹地质调查局合作，从2002年10月起在一个台站记录了冰川地区两年的自动气象数据，从2003年9月起在另一个台站记录了一年的自动气象数据。对两个被碎屑覆盖的冰川的融化和流动进行了两年的调查。冰川崩解的终端冰成一个大的前冰川湖没有降低流速。与另一种终碛与冰端接触的冰川类型不同，冰川厚度减小，湖泊扩大。在尼泊尔，与水文和气象部合作，自1999年以来，于2004年在Khumbu和Shorong Himals利用全球定位系统和经纬仪对冰川变化进行了调查。被碎片覆盖的昆布冰川继续变薄。没有碎片的小型冰川正在加速萎缩。通过对冰川变化的各种分析，认为喜马拉雅山脉西部的冰川近期收缩明显，而在季风较强的情况下，喜马拉雅山脉东部的冰川收缩更为显著。