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Study on impacts of global warming in Himalayan cryosphere

全球变暖对喜马拉雅冰冻圈的影响研究

基本信息

批准号：
06041051
负责人：
AGETA Yutaka
金额：
$ 19.39万
依托单位：
Nagoya Uiversity
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1994
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1994 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06041051/
关键词：
Himalayan cryosphere Global warming Impact valuation Glacier variation Climatic change Monsoon Satellite data analyzes Nepal 氷河湖温暖化中国チベット

项目摘要

1. Automatic observation systemsLong-term monitoring in the Khumbu region on the south slope of the Himalayas and in the Tanggula region on the north slope of the Himalayas has been continued. Important data concerning the effect of the recent global warming on the high Himalayas, where such observational data were very poor, have been obtained.2. Observations of glacier variationsGlaciers which were observed in 1970s were resurveyed, and distinct shrinkage was observed on the south slope of the Himalayas. In Hidden Valley, west Nepal, the terminus of Rikha Samba Glacier retreated about 200m in the recent 20 years ; in Shorong region, east Nepal, the thickness of Glacier AX010 decreased around 20m in the recent 17 years ; the lower part of Khumbu Glacier, east Nepal showed distinct decrease of the thickness. Acceleration of glacier melting due to the global warming has caused enlargement of glacier lakes and is increasing dangerousness of outburst flood disaster.3. Observations on process an mechanism of glacier variationRelations between glacier mass balance, heat balance and albedo, and effects of thick supra-glacial debris and ponds on glacier melting were studied by the methods of glaciological-meteorological-hydrological observations in the field, remote sensing from airplanes and satellite data analyzes. Important information on characteristic phenomena in the Himalayan cryosphere wree found such as acceleration effect on glacier melting due to lowering of albedo by bacteria and algae on the glacier surface, and new development of evaluation method for glacier melting under thick debris cover.4. OthersThe followings were carried our : sampling and analyzes for study on water and material cycle ; development of algorithm for satellite data ; analyzes of recent climatic change by the use of tree rings and snow core ; analyzes of recent glacier variations by the use of air photos and topographical maps.

1.自动观测系统继续在喜马拉雅南坡的昆布地区和喜马拉雅北坡的唐古拉地区进行长期监测。关于最近全球变暖对高喜马拉雅山的影响的重要数据已经获得，在那里这种观测数据非常少。冰川变化观测对20世纪70年代观测到的冰川进行了重新观测，发现喜马拉雅南坡冰川明显萎缩。在尼泊尔西部隐谷，Rikha桑巴舞冰川的末端在近20年内退缩了约200 m;在尼泊尔东部的Shorong地区，冰川厚度在近17年内减少了约20 m;尼泊尔东部的Khumbu冰川下部的厚度减少明显。全球气候变暖导致冰川加速融化，冰川湖泊扩大，突发性洪水灾害的严重性增加.通过野外冰川-气象-水文观测、航空遥感和卫星资料分析等方法，研究了冰川物质平衡、热量平衡与冰川融化的关系，以及冰上厚积物和冰塘对冰川融化的影响。发现了喜马拉雅冰冻圈特征现象的重要信息，如冰川表面的细菌和藻类降低冰川溶解度对冰川融化的加速作用，以及厚碎屑覆盖下冰川融化评价方法的新发展.本文主要进行了以下几方面的工作：水循环和物质循环研究中的采样分析;卫星数据处理算法的开发;利用树木年轮和雪芯分析近期气候变化;利用航空照片和地形图分析近期冰川变化。