The Relationship between Judgment and Being in Kant's Philosophy

本研究的目的是把康德的判断理论作为一个整体放在他的先验哲学中，理清判断与存在之间的重要关系。以往对康德的研究大多倾向于把康德的判断理论作为《纯粹理性批判》的一部分，仅在《先验分析》中加以论述。但是，这种仅限于他的认识论的解释忽略了它的哲学意义。我们的研究从以下两个角度对这种解释进行了批判，因此，我们想要坚持他的判断理论具有本体论意义。从第一个角度来看，我们不仅把它放在《纯粹理性批判》的“分析的”，而且也从“辩证的”角度来考虑，揭示了判断与理性观念之间的密切关系。也就是说，某一种判断不是独立于其他判断的，而是与其他一切判断的关系，进而是与理想的总体性的关系。从第二个角度出发，我们将把注意力转向反思性判断在审美理论和判断批评艺术中的能力，使判断作为自然的生动和多样性的表现而脱颖而出。我们对美的欣赏或创造中的反思性判断的思考，不仅可以揭示判断与观念的关系，而且还可以揭示其创造性的一面。

The aim of this research is to place Kant's theory of judgment in his transcendental philosophy as a whole, and to make clear the important relationship between judgment and being. Most of the past studies of Kant had a tendency to deal with his theory of judgment only in "Transcendental Analytic" as a part of critique of Pure Reason. But this interpretation limited to his epistemology misses the philosophical significance of it. Our research criticizes such an interpretation from the following two points of view, and, as a result, we want to insist that his theory of judgment has an ontological significance.From the first point of view we consider it in not only "Analytic" but also "Dialectic" of Critique of Pure Reason, and reveal an intimite relationship between the judgment and the idea of reason. Namely, a certain judgment is not independent of other judgments, but consists in the relation to all other and furthermore to the ideal totality.From the second point of view we will turn our attention to the faculty of the reflective judgment in the theory of taste and art of Critique of Judgment and make the judgment stand out as an expression of the vividness and diversity of nature. Our consideration on the reflective judgment in the appreciation or creation of the beauty will throw light over not only the relation between the judgment and the idea, but also the creative side of it.