The Relationship between Judgment and Being in Kant's Philosophy

本研究的目的是将康德的判断理论作为一个整体置于康德的先验哲学之中，并阐明判断与存在的重要关系。过去对康德的研究大都倾向于把康德的判断理论作为《纯粹理性批判》的一部分，在《先验分析》中加以论述。但是这种局限于他的认识论的解释忽略了它的哲学意义。我们的研究从以下两个角度对这种解释进行了批判，因此，我们想坚持认为他的判断理论具有本体论意义。从第一个观点出发，我们不仅从《纯粹理性批判》的“分析”角度，而且从“辩证法”角度来考察它，并揭示了判断与理性理念之间的密切关系。也就是说，某一判断不是独立于其他判断的，而是存在于与一切他物的关系中，进而存在于与理想总体的关系中。从第二种观点出发，我们将把注意力转向《判断批判》的趣味理论和艺术中反思判断的能力，并使这种判断作为自然的生动和多样性的表现而引人注目。我们对美的欣赏或创造中的反思性判断的考察，不仅可以揭示判断与理念的关系，而且可以揭示美的创造性的一面。

The aim of this research is to place Kant's theory of judgment in his transcendental philosophy as a whole, and to make clear the important relationship between judgment and being. Most of the past studies of Kant had a tendency to deal with his theory of judgment only in "Transcendental Analytic" as a part of critique of Pure Reason. But this interpretation limited to his epistemology misses the philosophical significance of it. Our research criticizes such an interpretation from the following two points of view, and, as a result, we want to insist that his theory of judgment has an ontological significance.From the first point of view we consider it in not only "Analytic" but also "Dialectic" of Critique of Pure Reason, and reveal an intimite relationship between the judgment and the idea of reason. Namely, a certain judgment is not independent of other judgments, but consists in the relation to all other and furthermore to the ideal totality.From the second point of view we will turn our attention to the faculty of the reflective judgment in the theory of taste and art of Critique of Judgment and make the judgment stand out as an expression of the vividness and diversity of nature. Our consideration on the reflective judgment in the appreciation or creation of the beauty will throw light over not only the relation between the judgment and the idea, but also the creative side of it.