Analysis of psychological factors affecting temporal discounting of rewards.

本研究考察了人格差异(时间展望量表、控制源量表、认知深思熟虑-冲动量表)、年龄、性别对奖励时间折现的影响。研究对象为旭川医科大学(医学课程和护理课程)和航空大学的本科生。此外,结果表明：(1)男性被试在不同认知任务下的脑电活动折扣率高于女性；(2)高额奖励折扣率高于小额折扣率；(3)旭川医科大学学生对时间前景量表的折扣率高于航空大学学生；(4)男性在时间远景量表上的得分高于女性；(2)旭川医科大学护理学专业学生的时间前景量表得分与折价程度之间存在相关关系；(2)旭川医科大学学生的LOC(内控)得分高于航空大学护理学专业学生在旭川医科大学的护理课程中，认知深思熟虑-冲动性量表的得分较低。h.额叶皮质参与了注意力的集中。i.颞叶皮质参与了冲动的抑制。J.NIRS对这些问题的检测是有效的。结论：冲动性和暂时性贴现受到几个个体因素的影响。这些发现可能会应用于未来的临床研究。

The present study investigated effects of personality differences (Temporal Prospect Scale, Locus of control, Cognitive Deliberation-Impulsivity Scale), age, sex on temporal discounting of rewards. Subjects were undergraduate students of Asahikawa Medical College (medical course and nursing course) and University of Air. In addition, brain activities under several cognitive tasks were examined using NIRS.The results were the following.a.Male subjects discounted more than female subjects.b.Large rewards were discounted more than small ones.c.Students in Asahikawa Medical College discounted more than students in University of Air.d.Scores in Temporal Prospect Scale were higher in males than in females.e.There was a correlation between Temporal Prospect Scale scores and degrees of discounting for students in nursing course of Asahikawa Medical College.f.Students in Asahikawa Medical College showed higher scores of LOC (internal control) than those in University of Air.g.Students in nursing course of Asahikawa Medical College showed lower scores for Cognitive Deliberation-Impulsivity Scale.h.Frontal cortex was involved in concentration of attention.i.Temporal cortex was involved in inhibition of impulsivity.j.NIRS was effective in examining these issues.In conclusion, impulsivity and temporal discounting were affected by several individual factors. These findings could be applied to clinical studies in the future.