Integrative study on behavioral-economic factors affecting deviation from rational choice

影响理性选择偏差的行为经济因素综合研究

基本信息

批准号：
09610067
负责人：
TAKAHASHI Masaharu
金额：
$ 1.6万
依托单位：
Asahikawa Medical College (1999-2000)Hokkaido University (1997-1998)
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Firstly, recent developments in the study of choice behavior were reviewed.Secondly, choice in auditory attention (allocation of attention) in a vigilance task was examined and the results suggested that human subjects showed deviation from rational choice (matching law) in such a vigilance situation.thirdly, effects of relative density and probability of reinforcement on human self-control were investigated. Forty-eight adult humans were divided into four groups and given a choice between an immediate small reward and a delayed large reward. Each subject experienced three combinations of rewards differing in the relative density of reinforcement (the number of points divided by the time between reinforcements). Reinforcement probability was manipulated across the groups. When the probability was 1.0, subjects always chose rewards with larger densities. When the probability was less than 1.0, however, choice proportions for the rewards with larger densities decreased as the probability decreased, suggesting that relative density does not accurately describe human choice under such conditions.Fourthly, in order to examine factors affecting deviation from rational choice, rates of temporal discounting were examined with Japanese young and elder participants. In addition, rates of discounting from young adults living alone and those living with their families were compared in order to examine effects of money-management experience on temporal discounting. The results suggests that this methodology might be useful in examining factors affecting deviation from rational choices in humans.

首先，对选择行为研究的最新发展进行了审查。第二，在警惕任务中进行了听觉注意力（注意力分配）的选择，结果表明，人类受试者在这种警惕情况下表现出与理性选择（匹配定律）的偏差。三分之二，对人类自我自我控制的相对密度和强度的影响。四十八名成年人被分为四组，并在立即获得的小奖励和延迟的大奖励之间做出了选择。每个受试者都有三种奖励组合的组合，这些奖励的相对密度不同（点数除以增强之间的时间）。两组都操纵了增强概率。当概率为1.0时，受试者总是选择较大的密度奖励。但是，当概率小于1.0时，随着概率降低，奖励的选择比例降低了，这表明相对密度在这种情况下并不能准确描述人类选择。此外，比较了年轻人和与家人同住的年轻人的折现率，以便研究货币管理经验对时间折扣的影响。结果表明，该方法可能在检查影响人类合理选择偏差的因素中有用。