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Integrative study on behavioral-economic factors affecting deviation from rational choice

影响理性选择偏差的行为经济因素综合研究

基本信息

批准号：
09610067
负责人：
TAKAHASHI Masaharu
金额：
$ 1.6万
依托单位：
Asahikawa Medical College (1999-2000)Hokkaido University (1997-1998)
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Firstly, recent developments in the study of choice behavior were reviewed.Secondly, choice in auditory attention (allocation of attention) in a vigilance task was examined and the results suggested that human subjects showed deviation from rational choice (matching law) in such a vigilance situation.thirdly, effects of relative density and probability of reinforcement on human self-control were investigated. Forty-eight adult humans were divided into four groups and given a choice between an immediate small reward and a delayed large reward. Each subject experienced three combinations of rewards differing in the relative density of reinforcement (the number of points divided by the time between reinforcements). Reinforcement probability was manipulated across the groups. When the probability was 1.0, subjects always chose rewards with larger densities. When the probability was less than 1.0, however, choice proportions for the rewards with larger densities decreased as the probability decreased, suggesting that relative density does not accurately describe human choice under such conditions.Fourthly, in order to examine factors affecting deviation from rational choice, rates of temporal discounting were examined with Japanese young and elder participants. In addition, rates of discounting from young adults living alone and those living with their families were compared in order to examine effects of money-management experience on temporal discounting. The results suggests that this methodology might be useful in examining factors affecting deviation from rational choices in humans.

首先，回顾了选择行为研究的最新进展。其次，对警戒任务中听觉注意（注意分配）的选择进行了检验，结果表明，人类受试者在这种警戒情况下表现出了理性选择（匹配规律）的偏差。第三，研究了相对密度和强化概率对人类自我控制的影响。四十八名成年人被分为四组，并在立即的小奖励和延迟的大奖励之间进行选择。每个受试者都经历了三种奖励组合，其强化的相对密度（点数除以强化之间的时间）不同。强化概率在各组之间进行了操纵。当概率为1.0时，受试者总是选择密度较大的奖励。然而，当概率小于1.0时，随着概率的降低，对较大密度奖励的选择比例也随之降低，这表明相对密度并不能准确地描述这种条件下的人类选择。第四，为了检验影响理性选择偏差的因素，对日本年轻人和老年人参与者进行了时间贴现率的检验。此外，还比较了独居年轻人和与家人同住的年轻人的贴现率，以研究资金管理经验对时间贴现的影响。结果表明，这种方法可能有助于检查影响人类理性选择偏差的因素。