CROSS-CULTURAL STUDY OF CHOICE UNDER UNCERTAINTY

本研究由五个研究项目组成。日本、泰国和马达加斯加的时间折扣的跨文化研究。这个项目调查了日本、泰国和马达加斯加的时间折扣率。结果表明，数额较大的奖励比数额较小的奖励折扣少。日本学生对大米奖励的折扣大于对金钱奖励的折扣，泰国学生对金钱奖励的折扣大于对大米奖励的折扣。泰国的货币贴现率比日本高。马达加斯加的货币折扣率太高，无法产生任何效果。b .日本和美国学生的分享和折扣率。这个项目通过分享来比较货币奖励的折扣率。日本和美国学生在两种不同的共享群体（家庭、亲戚和陌生人）条件下选择共享和不共享的金钱奖励。结果显示，日本学生的折扣率比美国学生要高。家庭和相对条件下的折扣率低于陌生人条件下的折扣率。这个项目探讨了日本和印尼学生在不确定性下的选择。群体数据显示确定性效应，印尼学生比日本学生表现出更多的无风险选择。自我父母量表被开发出来，一些调查表明这个量表可能是检验生育选择、职业选择等的一个重要概念。e .不确定条件下跨文化选择研究会议邀请两位心理学家访问日本，召开了两次不确定条件下跨文化选择研究会议。讨论了本研究结果的含义，并建议在不同国家研究选择是很重要的。少

The present study consisted of five research projects.A.Cross-cultural study of temporal discounting in Japan, Thailand, and Madagascar.This project investigated rates of temporal discounting in Japan, Thailand, and Madagascar. The results indicated that larger amounts of rewards were discounted less than smaller amounts of rewards. Japanese students discounted rice rewards more than money rewards while Thai students discounted money more than rice rewards. Discounting rates of money in Thailand were larger than those in Japan. Discounting rates of money in Madagascar too steep to produce any effects.B.Sharing and discounting in Japanese and American students.This projects compared rates of discounting monetary rewards by sharing. Jappanese and American students chose between shared and unshared monetary rewards under two different conditions of sharing groups (family, relatives, and stranger). The results showed that rates of discounting were larger in Japanese students than in Americ … More an students. Rates of discounting in the family and relative conditions were lower than in the stranger condition.C.Choice under uncertainty between Japanese and Indonesian students.This projects explored choice under uncertainty in Japanese and Indonesian students.The group data indicated the certainty effects and that Indonesian students showed more riskless choice than Japanese students.D.Self as parent and gender difference.Scale of self-as-parent was developed and some survey suggested that this scale might be an important concept for examining reproductive choices, career choices, and so on. In addition, gender differences in choosing mates were examined using advertisement.E.Research meeting on cross-cultural study of choice under uncertaintyTwo psychologists were invited to visit Japan and two research meetings on cross-cultural study of choice under uncertainty were held. Implications of the findings obtained in this study were discussed and it was suggested that it is important to study choice in different countries. Less