A Study on the Relation of Geisteswissenschaftliche Paedagogik to Nazism: Examining its Unpublished Material

《精神科学教育学与纳粹主义关系的研究：检查其未出版的材料》

• 批准号: 13610316
• 负责人: OGASAWARA Michio
• 金额: $ 2.3万
• 依托单位: The University of the Air
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2001 至 2002
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13610316/
• 关键词: Nazism; Germany Pedagogy; Geisteswissenschaftliche Paedagogik; Spranger, Ed.; Nohl, Herman; Litt, Th.; Flitner, W.; Weniger, Erich; シュプランガー; ノール; リット; フリットナー; ウエニガー; Ed. シュプランガー; Th. リット; H. ノール; E. ヴエニガー; W. フリットナー; ドイツの大学

In order to investigate the relation of Geisteswissenschaftliche Paedagogik, an academic school of educational research to Nazism, this study first examined the books and articles of the school published in the 1930's. no apparent relation between them, however, was found. Thus, the study collected and interpreted the unpublished correspondence and protocol of its major scholars such as Spranger, Nohl, Litt, Flitner and Weniger. The remarkable results are as follows: Firstly, plenty of material on Erich Weniger, who had been paid little attention in Japan, was collected at the State Library of Niedersachsen and the Library of the University of Goettingen. The examination of the material made clear the relation of Weniger to (1) Spranger, (2) Nohl, (3) Litt, (4) Flitner. Secondly, plenty of the unpublished material of Nohl was also collected and his relation to Nazism was explained more in detail. Thirdly, the correspondence of Spranger, Nohl and Flitner, showing their opinions on Nazism, were obtained at Spranger Archive of the University of Braunschweig. Conclusions: (1) Litt strongly opposed to Nazism politically and academically; (2) on the contrary Weniger became far closer to Nazism with his theory of history under the political circumstances; (3) although Nohl resisted Nazism at the beginning, he became along with it with situation changed; (4) Spranger, one of the most influential scholars, had an complicated relation to Nazism; while he chose the "inner exile," that is, a sentimental resistance, he avoided his political one. (5) Flitner, as many other scholars did, devoted himself to the classical studies neither with resistance nor with active support, and accordingly he came into line with Nazism.

为了考察教育研究学术流派“教育哲学”与纳粹主义的关系，本研究首先考察了该流派在20世纪30年代出版的著作和文章。然而，他们之间没有发现明显的联系。2因此，该研究收集并解释了其主要学者如斯普林格、诺尔、利特、弗利特纳和韦尼格未发表的信件和协议。主要研究成果如下：第一，下萨克森国立图书馆和哥廷根大学图书馆收藏了大量关于埃里希·韦尼格的资料，这位在日本一直不为人所重视的人物。对材料的检查清楚了Weniger与（1）Spranger，（2）Nohl，（3）Litt，（4）Flitner的关系。其次，还收集了大量关于诺尔的未发表的材料，并对他与纳粹主义的关系进行了更详细的解释。第三，在布伦瑞克大学的斯普朗格档案馆获得了斯普朗格、诺尔和弗利特纳的信件，这些信件表明了他们对纳粹主义的看法。结论：（1）利特在政治和学术上强烈反对纳粹主义;（2）威尼格则在当时的政治环境下，以其历史理论向纳粹主义靠拢;（3）诺尔虽然在一开始反对纳粹主义，但随着形势的变化，他又沿着于纳粹主义;他选择了“内心的放逐”，即感情上的反抗，而回避了政治上的反抗。(5)弗立纳和其他许多学者一样，致力于古典研究，既没有抵抗，也没有积极支持，因此他与纳粹主义保持一致。