Compatativ Study on Multilingualism and Multiculturalism : about the French Republican Model

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I became very curious about the French Republican model since the debate on "laicite" provoked by "I'affaire du foulard islamique" in 1989. Laiicte is French model of secularism and separation between the State and the Church. The State and public space have to be kept neutral in order to give religious liberty in private sphere. Laicite is at the base of an universal citizenship and in opposition with multiculturalism which admits expression of ethnic or religious diffencies in the public sphere.Although, since May 1968 and especially since the end of the cold war in 1989, French model of "one and indivisible Republic" encountered more and more difficulties and French national identity was weakened.This study aimed to analyse how a multilinguistic and multicultural country as France became un homogenous nation and why French republic rejects today anglo-saxon model of multiculturalism. We studied a triade of French republican model, American multiculturalism and creole model of hybrid culture observed in Carribean islands. These three models seem to represent universality/difference/diversity.