Basic Research for a Japanese-German Contrastive Syntax -Case, Sentence Structure, Valency

我对日语和德语进行了对比研究，主要是基于“视角”的概念。本研究主要关注句子结构与动词之间的相互作用。在德语中，句子结构通常被清楚地标明，但在日语中，它们并不总是被清楚地标明。此外，在德语中经常观察到动词用于不适合的句子结构(例如，Die Mutter Singt das Baby in den Schiaf)。因此，与日语相比，德语可以说是一种以结构为导向的语言。换言之，主语和宾语处于前台，是德语句子中最突出的两个成分。在“角度”方面，可以说德语的句子结构是指向“关注点”的，而日语中的动词性表达是根据发送者看待情况的“角度”的不同而使用的。通过这项研究，我认识到，作为对比语言学的一种方法从来都不是错误的，但透过母语的玻璃来看待一门外语是相当重要的。

I researched Japanese and German in contrast mainly based on the concept of "perspective". The main concern of the research was the interaction between the sentence structures and the verbs. In German, the sentence structures are usually indicated clearly, but in Japanese, they aren't always indicated clearly. Furthermore, it is often observed in German that a verb is used in a sentence structure for which it isn't suitable (e.g. Die Mutter singt das Baby in den Schiaf). Therefore, compared,with Japanese, German can be said as "a structure-oriented language". In other words, the subject and the accusative object are in the foreground, as the two most prominent constituents in German sentences. In terms of "perspective", it can be said that the sentence structure in German is oriented to the "point of regard", whereas in Japanese the verbal expressions are used corresponding to the difference in the "point of view" from which a sender looks at the situation. Through this research, I reached the recognition, that it is never a mistake as a method of the contrastive linguistics, but it is rather important to see a foreign language through the glass of one's native language.