Basic Research for a Japanese-German Contrastive Syntax -Case, Sentence Structure, Valency

日德对比句法基础研究——格、句子结构、配价

• 批准号: 13610621
• 负责人: NARITA Takashi
• 金额: $ 1.09万
• 依托单位: TOKYO UNIVERSITY OF FOREIGN STUDIES
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2001 至 2003
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13610621/
• 关键词: German; perspective; sentence structure; verbs; verbal prefix; case; preposition; 日独対照; ドイツ語の構文; 動詞の日独対照; 視点(視座・注視点); 日独対照研究; 構文論; 結合価; 分離動詞・非分離動詞

I researched Japanese and German in contrast mainly based on the concept of "perspective". The main concern of the research was the interaction between the sentence structures and the verbs. In German, the sentence structures are usually indicated clearly, but in Japanese, they aren't always indicated clearly. Furthermore, it is often observed in German that a verb is used in a sentence structure for which it isn't suitable (e.g. Die Mutter singt das Baby in den Schiaf). Therefore, compared,with Japanese, German can be said as "a structure-oriented language". In other words, the subject and the accusative object are in the foreground, as the two most prominent constituents in German sentences. In terms of "perspective", it can be said that the sentence structure in German is oriented to the "point of regard", whereas in Japanese the verbal expressions are used corresponding to the difference in the "point of view" from which a sender looks at the situation. Through this research, I reached the recognition, that it is never a mistake as a method of the contrastive linguistics, but it is rather important to see a foreign language through the glass of one's native language.

本文主要从“视角”这一概念出发，对日德语言进行对比研究。研究的重点是句子结构和动词之间的相互作用。在德语中，句子结构通常是明确的，但在日语中，它们并不总是明确的。此外，在德语中经常观察到一个动词被用在一个它不适合的句子结构中（例如Die Mutter singt das Baby in den Schiaf）。因此，与日语相比，德语可以说是一种“结构型语言”。换句话说，主语和宾语是德语句子中最突出的两个成分。就“视角”而言，可以说德语的句子结构是以“观点”为导向的，而日语的动词表达则对应于发送者看待情况的“观点”的差异。通过研究，我认识到，作为对比语言学的一种方法，它从来都不是一个错误，但透过母语的玻璃看外语是相当重要的。

项目成果

成田 節: "結合価と構文-日独対照の観点から"語学研究所論集(東京外国語大学語学研究所). 7. 1-22 (2002)

成田节：“配价与句法——从日德对比的角度”语言研究所学报（东京外国语大学语言研究所）7. 1-22（2002）。

Takashi NARITA, Toshiko NAKAMURA: "Article, Preposition, Case"(Nagatoshi Hamasaki/Jun Otomasa/Itsuhiko Noiri ed.), as The German Grammar Series, Vol. 3. (DaigakwShorin, Tokyo),. Vol.3. 180

Takashi NARITA、Toshiko NAKAMURA：“冠词、介词、格”（Nagatoshi Hamasaki/Jun Otomasa/Itsuhiko Noiri ed.），作为德语语法系列，卷。

Takashi NARITA: "Valency and Sentence Structure -from the viewpoint of the Japanese-German Contrast"Journal of the Institute of Language Research (Tokyo University of Foreign Studies). Vol.7. 1-22 (2002)

成田隆：《配价与句子结构——从日德对比的角度》语言研究所学报（东京外国语大学）。

成田 節, 中村俊子: "冠詞・前置詞・格(ドイツ語文法シリーズ第3巻)"大学書林(印刷中). 169(55-169)

Setsu Narita、Toshiko Nakamura：“文章、介词和格（德语语法系列第 3 卷）”Daigaku Shorin（出版中）169（55-169）。

成田 節: "ドイツ語動詞『前綴り』の分離・非分離をめぐって-ドイツ語授業での説明原理を求めて"語学研究所論集(東京外国語大学語学研究所). 8. 1-18 (2003)

成田节：“关于德语动词‘预拼写’的分离和不分离——寻找德语课程中的解释原则”《语言研究所杂志》（东京外国语大学语言研究所） 8. 1。 -18 (2003) )