A study on Indigenous Commons in North America and Canada for promoting the theory of commons environmental law

北美和加拿大原住民公地研究促进公地环境法理论

• 批准号: 13620015
• 负责人: HIRAMATSU Hiroshi
• 金额: $ 1.34万
• 依托单位: Aoyama Gakuin University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2001 至 2004
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13620015/
• 关键词: commons; Indian; Dene; Environmental right; Land custom; Land compensation; comprehensive claim; Band; 漁業権; 太平洋岸インディアン; イヌイット

This study addresses the changes occurred among indigenous people and their commons in north America and Canada, and examines the contribution of the indigenous commons to solute the environmental issues. In addition to books, research papers, and unpublished documents, raw materials by field surveys have been used to examine concrete and real cases and disputes. Cases include issues related to Cree of the comprehensive claim and issues of reserve establishment in Lubicon Lake Indians. Both cases depict the destruction of the commons of indigenous people and illustrate how subsequent land disputes and sues had resulted in their economic development and recovery of indigenous rights. Neskonlith band of Secwepemc Nation in British Columbia and their forest development case, in which the federal court ordered the recovery of their land rights in 1973, is mainly addressed in this study. In this case, the claims of indigenous commons were not only related to the indigenous autonomy but also developed to obtain an international consciousness as it related the indigenous knowledge to environment. These cases about the forest, sea, and river conservation of Canadian Pacific Indians and Inuit could also be applied to address the decision making process in the modernization of indigenous rights in the circum-Pacific areas. Aborigines in Australia, Maori in New Zealand, and other indigenous peoples in South Pacific islands would be affected and the commons (right of common) are elemental in their decision making process.

这项研究讨论了北美和加拿大土著人民及其公地之间发生的变化，并考察了土著公地对解决环境问题的贡献。除了书籍、研究论文和未发表的文献外，还使用实地调查的原材料来研究具体和真实的案例和纠纷。案件包括与综合索赔的Cree有关的问题和在卢比孔湖印第安人建立保护区的问题。这两起案件都描述了土著人民的公地遭到破坏，并说明了随后的土地纠纷和诉讼如何导致他们的经济发展和恢复土著权利。本研究主要涉及不列颠哥伦比亚省塞韦佩姆克族的Neskonlith乐队和他们的森林发展案，在这起案件中，联邦法院于1973年下令收回他们的土地权。在这种情况下，土著公地的主张不仅与土著自治有关，而且还发展为获得国际意识，因为它将土著知识与环境联系起来。这些关于加拿大太平洋印第安人和因纽特人森林、海洋和河流养护的案例也可用于解决环太平洋地区土著权利现代化的决策过程。澳大利亚的土著居民、新西兰的毛利人和南太平洋岛屿上的其他土著人民将受到影响，公地(公有权)在他们的决策过程中是基本的。