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Characteristics of Policy Making under the Coalition Government Transformation of the LDP Power Structure

自民党权力结构转型联合政府下的政策制定特点

基本信息

批准号：
13620088
负责人：
OTAKE Hideo
金额：
$ 2.5万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2001 至 2003
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The 'political reforms' introduced in 1993 brought two mutually contradictory trends into Japanese politics through weakening the power of factions within the Liberal Democratic Party. While they have strengthened the leadership of the LDP top executives, they have strengthened the autonomy of individual Dietmembers vis-a-vis the LDP top leadership. It is difficult to predict which trend would eventually be predominant in the future. The two factors are important that would determine the future power structure. One is whether or not the LDP needs support of Komeito in order to remain in power. If the coalition is indispensable, the party leadership would maintain strong control over the handling the policy making. The other factor is populism which has repeatedly emerged since the mid-seventies. The prominent populist leaders are, among others, Morihiro Hosokawa, Naoto Kan, Ryutaro Hashimoto, Koichi Kato and Jun'ichiro Koizumi. The core of their support base is urban middle class, particularly the house wives and young white collar workers. With their support, these populist leaders have embarked ambitious reform attempts on the basis of neo-liberal prescriptions. The survival of these politicians depend on the success or failure of these reforms. In the long run, it would also determine the power structure of the LDP and of Japanese politics in general.

1993年开始的“政治改革”削弱了自民党内部派系的力量，使日本政坛出现了两种相互矛盾的趋势。在加强了自民党高层领导的同时，他们也加强了个别国会议员相对维斯自民党高层领导的自主权。很难预测哪种趋势最终会在未来占主导地位。这两个因素是决定未来权力结构的重要因素。一个是自民党是否需要公明党的支持才能继续执政。如果联盟是不可或缺的，党的领导层将对政策制定的处理保持强有力的控制。另一个因素是自70年代中期以来一再出现的民粹主义。著名的民粹主义领导人包括细川护熙、菅直人、桥本龙太郎、加藤浩一和小泉纯一郎。他们的支持基础核心是城市中产阶级，特别是家庭主妇和年轻的白色白领。在他们的支持下，这些民粹主义领导人根据新自由主义处方开始了雄心勃勃的改革尝试。这些政治家的生存取决于这些改革的成功或失败。从长远来看，这也将决定自民党和日本政治的总体权力结构。