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Comparative Study of Corporatist Implementations in Liberal Fiscal and Administrative Reforms

自由财政和行政改革中社团主义实施的比较研究

基本信息

批准号：
63520032
负责人：
OTAKE Hideo
金额：
$ 0.9万
依托单位：
TOHOKU UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1988
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1988 至 1989
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Japanese administrative reform during the 1980's was conducted on the basis of economic liberalism with such slogans as "small government", "deregulation" and "privatization". However, corporatist characteristics were manifested throughout their implementations, and those reforms rather strengthened those characteristics at the end. For example, the All Japan Telecommunications Workers' Union unprecedentedly conducted massive pressure group activities during the Diet deliberation on the privatization of the Japan Telephone and Telegram Corporation, having direct access to the Liberal Democratic Party. The party in power, on the other hand, welcome this move. Thus, mezzo-corporatist tendencies were strengthened in Japanese politics. Meanwhile, micro-corporatist arrangement was also strengthened between the labour and management in the Corporation. For the Union accepted the argument by the management and actively supported the privatization. It seems paradoxical at the first glance. Yet, as Peter J. Katzenstein shows referring to Swiss case, liberalization tends to promote, rather than hinder, the development of corporatist arrangement once the labour accepts liberal ideology which argues that the healthy development of their corporation (or national economy) is indispensable for their own welfare. Japanese administrative reform is to be interpreted as one of such cases.

20世纪80年代日本的行政改革是在经济自由主义的基础上进行的，其口号是“小政府”、“放松管制”和“私有化”。然而，社团主义的特征在其实施过程中始终表现出来，而且这些改革最终反而强化了这种特征。例如，全日本电信工会在国会审议日本电话电报公司民营化问题时，史无前例地进行了大规模的压力团体活动，直接接触了自民党。另一方面，执政党对这一举措表示欢迎。因此，中间社团主义倾向在日本政治中得到强化。同时，公司内部劳资之间的微观社团安排也得到加强。因为工会接受了资方的论点，积极支持私有化。乍一看，这似乎自相矛盾。然而，正如Peter J. Katzenstein引用瑞士案例所表明的那样，一旦劳动者接受了自由主义意识形态，即他们的公司（或国民经济）的健康发展对他们自己的福利是必不可少的，自由化往往会促进而不是阻碍社团主义安排的发展。日本的行政改革就是这样一个例子。