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Establishment of children's right to express their views in family law system

家庭法体系中儿童表达意见权的确立

基本信息

批准号：
13620061
负责人：
NINOMIYA Shuhei
金额：
$ 0.83万
依托单位：
Ritsumeikan University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2001 至 2003
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

This study, from the perspective of children's rights to express their views, explores how children's interests should be ensured when they are involved in family disputes such as divorce and child abuse. Children have the ability to make decisions according to their maturity level. It is necessary for parents and those around them to work toward dispute resolution with trust in children's ability and with consideration for their wishes, feelings and opinions.More concretely, when it is inappropriate for a child to be in custody of his/her parent, because of parental child abuse for instance, and if the child wishes to be taken care of by someone other than his/her parent such as his/her grandparent, and if it is considered an appropriate solution in terms of the child's welfare, that person can be designated as the guardian under Civil Code 766. As for child-parent visitation after separation or divorce of the parents, custodial parent has the obligation to ensure visitation of the child with non-custodial parent on the premise that visitation is the children's right. In family court, "parent education program" should be introduced so that parents can understand the obligatory nature of visitation. There is a need to develop practices in which children as parties are involved in procedures including group meeting and joint family mediation through which the feelings of the children are conveyed to and accepted fully by the parents.

本研究从儿童表达意见的权利角度，探讨当儿童卷入离婚、虐待儿童等家庭纠纷时，如何保障儿童的利益。孩子有能力根据自己的成熟程度做出决定。父母及其周围的人有必要相信孩子的能力并考虑他们的愿望、感受和意见，努力解决争端。更具体地说，当孩子因父母虐待儿童而不适合由父母监护时，如果孩子希望由父母以外的人（例如祖父母）照顾，并且如果从孩子的福利角度考虑这是一个适当的解决方案，根据民法第766条，该人可以被指定为监护人。对于父母分居或离婚后子女与父母的探视，监护父母有义务确保非监护父母探视孩子，前提是探视是儿童的权利。在家事法庭应引入“家长教育计划”，让家长了解探视的义务性质。有必要制定做法，让儿童作为当事人参与小组会议、联合家庭调解等程序，通过这些程序，将儿童的感受传达给父母并得到父母的充分接受。