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Growth Effects of Public Pensions and Long-Term Care

公共养老金和长期护理的增长效应

基本信息

批准号：
13630023
负责人：
MIYAZAWA Kazutoshi
金额：
$ 2.18万
依托单位：
Nanzan University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2001 至 2003
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13630023/
关键词：
Public Long-term Care Public Pension Economic Growth Human Capital Formation Social Security Family 年金制度改革人的資本家族内移転

项目摘要

The report consists of seven chapters. Chapter 1 summarizes the purpose and key results of this research. Chapter 2 "Pension and growth : a financial perspective" analyzes the growth effect of unfunded public pensions, assuming three alternative tax base, i.e., wage income, capital income, and comprehensive income. It shows changing the tax base according to the stage of economic development is an easy and useful method to induce the growth effect of public pensions. Chapter 3 "Pension and growth : a consideration for intrafamily transfers" analyzes the macroeconomic effect of public pensions based on a two-way intrafamily transfer in middle age. One of the strong policy implications is public pensions can be used to lead economy from a stagnant equilibrium to a growth equilibrium.Chapter 4 "Optimal pension system" discusses whether some kind of public pension achieve social optimum. The answer is no in general, although public pensions partly endogenize the intergenerational spillover … More effect of human capital formation. Nevertheless public pensions are effective to achieve optimal allocations of resource and time. Chapter 5 "Public long-term care and growth" analyzes the macroeconomic effect of public long-term care. Like a pension, public long-term care can lead economy from a stagnant equilibrium to a growth equilibrium. Further the magnitude is larger under public long-term care scheme because the nature of in-kind transfer has intrinsically an additional incentive to invest in human capital. Our result supports the current system of public long-term care insurance in Japan. Chapter 6 "Reforms in unemployment insurance and a public pension" discusses under what conditions the reforms in unemployment insurance and a public pension can be Pareto-improving. Assuming that labor force participation has an agglomeration effect, we show policy changes such as reducing unemployment and encouraging the unemployed to acquire general skills can be supported by every generations. Chapter 7 "Growth and inequality" analyzed the relationship between growth and inequality from a demographic point of view. We may find ourselves in a stagnant and inequitable situation in the near future. Social security systems cannot be preserved if the inequality generates a serious conflict between younger workers and older retirement. If the government would like to avoid it., it should pursue a policy in favor of younger workers such as tax reduction of savings in order to enhance capital formation. Less

报告共分七章。第一章概述了本研究的目的和主要结果。第二章“养老金与增长：财政视角”分析了无基金公共养老金的增长效应，假设三个替代税基，即，工资收入、资本收入和综合收入。研究表明，根据经济发展阶段改变税基是一种简单有效的方法，可以诱导公共养老金的增长效应。第3章“养老金与增长：家庭内部转移的考虑”分析了基于中年家庭内部双向转移的公共养老金的宏观经济效应。其中一个重要的政策含义是公共养老金可以引导经济从停滞均衡走向增长均衡。第四章“最优养老金制度”讨论了某种形式的公共养老金是否达到社会最优。答案是否定的，尽管公共养老金部分地内生了代际溢出效应 ...更多信息人力资本形成的影响。然而，公共养恤金对于实现资源和时间的最佳分配是有效的。第五章“公共长期护理与增长”分析了公共长期护理的宏观经济效应。与养老金一样，公共长期护理可以使经济从停滞均衡走向增长均衡。此外，在公共长期护理计划下，这一幅度更大，因为实物转移的性质本质上具有投资于人力资本的额外激励。我们的研究结果支持日本现行的公共长期护理保险制度。第6章“失业保险和公共养老金改革”讨论了在什么条件下失业保险和公共养老金改革可以是帕累托改进的。假设劳动力参与具有集聚效应，我们表明，减少失业和鼓励失业者获得通用技能等政策变化可以得到每一代人的支持。第七章“增长与不平等”从人口学角度分析了增长与不平等之间的关系。在不久的将来，我们可能会发现自己处于停滞和不公平的境地。如果不平等在年轻工人和退休年龄较大的人之间造成严重冲突，社会保障制度就无法维持。如果政府想避免的话，应推行有利于年轻劳动者的政策，如减税储蓄，以促进资本形成。少