Formation of Industrial Districts in Prewar Osaka

本课题试图研究的对象包括两个部分：(L)战时工业园区的形成；(2)战后技校毕业生的求职、调任和升迁。首先，作为准战争时期和战时大阪以金属和机械为中心的工业区形成的推动因素，我们将指出1936年“工业之路”的开辟和1939年土地整理完成后相对廉价的厂址的出现。此外，二手机经销商在厂区的形成中发挥了重要作用。持续不断的创业和转移本身就使厂区对厂址非常有吸引力，在那里，即使是小制造商也可以获得在错综复杂的分包商网络中孕育的大量各种机械制造厂。第二，大阪的第一所公立中等技术学校是1908年4月开学的大阪市立技工学校(Miyakojima)。宫古岛最初是一所技工学校，但其独特的六年制课程使其脱颖而出，使其成为日本最著名的技校之一，非常注重科学原理和实验。宫古岛的教师试图将学生安置在各种不同的职位上，指责毕业生很容易调任，但直到战时，毕业生之间的频繁调任才停止。毕业生自主创业的比例不容忽视，在许多情况下，除了家族企业的继承外，毕业生需要在毕业后十年左右才能创业。

The targets this research project tried to investigate are composed of two parts:(l) formation of the industrial district during the wartime Japan, and (2) the job-search process, transfer and promotion of technical schools graduates between the wars.As the results of the research, we could show the following points. Firstly as the factors which promoted the formation of metal and machinery centered factory district in Osaka during the quasi-war and wartime periods, we shall point out the opening up of the "Industrial Road" in 1936 and the advent of relatively cheap plant sites by the completion of land consolidation through 1939. In addition, secondhand-machine dealers played an important role in the formation of the factory district. Continuation of start-ups and transfers itself made factory district much attractive for plant sites, where even small manufacturers could secure abundant various kinds of machine works bred among the intricate networks of subcontractors.Secondly the first public technical secondary school in Osaka was the Municipal Osaka Technical School (Miyakojima), which opened its door in April 1908. Miyakojima was originally established as a technical school, but its unique six-year program set it apart and made it one of the most famous technical schools in Japan, with great emphasis on scientific principles and experimentation. Teachers of Miyakojima who tried to place their students in various kinds of positions, reproved graduates for easy transfer, but frequent transfer among graduates never ceased until the wartime. The ratio of graduates who became self-employed could not be neglected, and in many cases, it needed around ten years after graduation for graduates to open up their own business except the succession of family business.