Light Machinery Industries in the 1950s

20世纪50年代的轻机械工业

• 批准号: 10630074
• 负责人: SAWAI Minoru
• 金额: $ 1.98万
• 依托单位: Osaka University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1998 至 2000
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10630074/
• 关键词: Light Machinery; Camera; Sewing Machine; Bicycle; Public Research Institute; Factory Diagnosis; Policies for Small Business; Industrial Standard; 規格制度

The targets this research project tried to investigate are composed of three parts : (1) the situation of light machinery industries represented by cameras, sewing machines, bicycles, watches and so on, and tendency in the foreign markets for those industries, (2) the real situation of networking among wholesale merchants, organizing agents, assemblers, and parts manufacturers in those industries, (3) the process of planning and execution of policies for small business and their effects.As the results of the research, we could show the following points. Firstly the role of public research institutes such as the Osaka Prefectural Industrial Research Institute (OPIRI) and the Osaka Prefectural Institute for Industrial Management (OPIIM) for the development of light machinery industries in the postwar years was extremely large, and those institutes were led by able engineers and researchers who already started their energetic activities before the war. Secondly on the start of export busi … More ness of working tools, those institutes supported its smooth development in cooperation with trade associations and the Osaka Foreign Trade Institute. Thirdly those institutes as well as trade associations and universities took a lead in the establishment of industrial standards that were the preconditions for industrial development afterwards. In sewing machine industry, in particular, the establishment of industrial standards supported the start of mass production with standardization, and the success of the industry in the foreign markets.The establishment of the factory diagnosis system led by the Small Business Agency could be only possible through the intimate interaction between the Osaka Prefectural Government that had experienced the diagnosis activities of the OPIIM before and during the war, and bureaucrats of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry who were seeking for and planning new policies for small business. It could be also pointed out that the activities of management consultants largely contributed to the modernization of light machinery industries paralleled with diffusion of the system of personnel for diagnosis for small business. Less

本研究项目试图调查的对象由三部分组成：(1)以相机、缝纫机、自行车、手表等为代表的轻工行业的情况和国外市场趋势；(2)这些行业的批发商、组织代理、装配商和零部件制造商之间联网的真实情况；(3)小企业政策的规划和执行过程及其效果。作为研究结果，我们可以表现出以下几点。首先，大阪府工业研究所(OPIRI)和大阪府工业管理研究所(OPIIM)等公共研究机构在战后发展轻型机械工业方面的作用非常大，这些研究所由战前已经开始积极活动的能干的工程师和研究人员领导。第二，关于…出口业务的启动这些机构通过与贸易协会和大阪外贸研究所的合作，支持了该机构的顺利发展。第三，这些机构以及行业协会和大学带头制定了工业标准，这些标准是后来工业发展的先决条件。特别是在缝纫机工业方面，工业标准的建立支持了大规模标准化生产的开始，以及该行业在国外市场的成功。只有在战前和战争期间经历过OPIIM诊断活动的大阪县政府与正在寻求和规划小企业新政策的商务省官僚之间的密切互动，才有可能建立由小企业厅领导的工厂诊断系统。还可以指出，管理顾问的活动在很大程度上促进了轻工机械工业的现代化，同时也推广了小企业诊断人员制度。较少

项目成果

Minoru Sawai: "Trajectories of an "Efficeincy Engineer" from the 1920s to the Middle of the 1950s : The Case of Riichi Sonoda"Osaka Economic Papers. Vol.49, No.3/4. 145-159 (2000)

泽井稔：“从 20 年代到 50 年代中期的“效率工程师”的轨迹：园田立一的案例”大阪经济论文。

澤井 実: "ある能率技師の戦前・戦中・戦後-園田理一の活動を中心に-" 大阪大学経済学. 49巻3・4号(刊行予定). (1999)

泽井稔：“一位高效工程师的战前、战时和战后——园田立一的活动”，《大阪大学经济学》第 49 卷，第 3 期和第 4 期（待出版）。

Akira Hara ed.: "The Japanese Economy in the Rehabilitation Period"University of Tokyo Press (forthcoming).

原晃主编：《复兴时期的日本经济》东京大学出版社（即将出版）。

原朗: "復興期の日本経済"東京大学出版会(刊行予定). (2001)

原明：《重建时期的日本经济》，东京大学出版社（待出版）（2001年）。

原 朗: "復興期の日本経済" 東京大学出版会, (刊行予定) (1999)

原晃：《重建时期的日本经济》，东京大学出版社，（待出版）（1999）