Light Machinery Industries in the 1950s

本研究项目试图调查的对象由三部分组成：（1）以照相机、缝纫机、自行车、手表等为代表的轻工机械行业的情况和国外市场的动向;（2）这些行业的批发商、组织代理商、装配商和零部件制造商之间的联网的真实的情况;（3）小企业政策的规划与执行过程及其效果。首先，公共研究机构，如大坂府立工业研究所（OPIRI）和大坂府立工业管理研究所（OPIIM）在战后发展轻型机械工业方面的作用非常大，这些研究所由战前就已经开始积极活动的能干的工程师和研究人员领导。第二，出口业务的启动 关于我们 这些研究所利用其工作工具，与贸易协会和大坂外贸研究所合作，支持其顺利发展。第三，这些研究所以及行业协会和大学带头制定工业标准，这些标准是后来工业发展的先决条件。特别是缝纫机行业，通过制定产业标准，实现了标准化的大规模生产，并在国外市场取得了成功。以小企业厅为主导的工厂诊断系统的建立，是在经历了战前和战时OPIIM诊断活动的大坂府政府、以及商业和工业部的官员们，他们正在为小企业寻求和规划新的政策。还可以指出的是，管理顾问的活动在很大程度上促进了轻型机械工业的现代化，同时也促进了小型企业诊断人员制度的普及。少

The targets this research project tried to investigate are composed of three parts : (1) the situation of light machinery industries represented by cameras, sewing machines, bicycles, watches and so on, and tendency in the foreign markets for those industries, (2) the real situation of networking among wholesale merchants, organizing agents, assemblers, and parts manufacturers in those industries, (3) the process of planning and execution of policies for small business and their effects.As the results of the research, we could show the following points. Firstly the role of public research institutes such as the Osaka Prefectural Industrial Research Institute (OPIRI) and the Osaka Prefectural Institute for Industrial Management (OPIIM) for the development of light machinery industries in the postwar years was extremely large, and those institutes were led by able engineers and researchers who already started their energetic activities before the war. Secondly on the start of export busi … More ness of working tools, those institutes supported its smooth development in cooperation with trade associations and the Osaka Foreign Trade Institute. Thirdly those institutes as well as trade associations and universities took a lead in the establishment of industrial standards that were the preconditions for industrial development afterwards. In sewing machine industry, in particular, the establishment of industrial standards supported the start of mass production with standardization, and the success of the industry in the foreign markets.The establishment of the factory diagnosis system led by the Small Business Agency could be only possible through the intimate interaction between the Osaka Prefectural Government that had experienced the diagnosis activities of the OPIIM before and during the war, and bureaucrats of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry who were seeking for and planning new policies for small business. It could be also pointed out that the activities of management consultants largely contributed to the modernization of light machinery industries paralleled with diffusion of the system of personnel for diagnosis for small business. Less