The business control and profit regulation in Germany under National Socialism

国家社会主义下德国的企业控制和利润监管

• 批准号: 13630100
• 负责人: YANAGISAWA Osamu
• 金额: $ 1.09万
• 依托单位: MEIJI UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2001 至 2002
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13630100/
• 关键词: German National Socialism; Gemeinnutz vor Eigennutz; Fuhrerprinzip; economic ideas of Nazis; regulation of dividend of stocks; Nazis stocks act; business control; 強制カルテル法; ナチス党; 公益優先原則

The economic system of German National Socialism is characterized as a system of controls in almost all spheres of economy, in which the regulations, of enterprises is regarded as especially important. The object of this research project is to examine the control of business and regulation of profits of enterprise in Germany under National Socialism. Nazi business control was described often as total. According to L.Hamburger, How Nazi Germany Has Controlled Business (Washington, 1943), it could not be identified with any pattern of control of business known to have existed in the past in view of this totality. But later studies of economic policy of National Socialism, such as that of W. Fisher, colored Nazi control of economy as vague and inconsistent. The views of authors about the problems, which this research is to deal with, are so quite different. The researcher made at first a survey of past studies of governmental control of economic activities by National Socialism, and found … More that the contemporary Japanese scholars in 1930s, such as Sakae Wagatsuma, Tetsuji Kaga and Moriyoshi Cho, researched very exactly the Nazi business control, and their studies are highly important from the viewpoint of today. The article of the investigator of this project, "Senzen Nihon ni okeru Nazis-Keizai-shiso no kenkyu" (Meiji University Seikei Rouso, Vol. 71, No. 1-2, Dec.2002) is a result of this survey. Then the researcher examined the economic principle of Nazis : Gemeinnutz geht vor Eigennutz, that was very important as the basic viewpoint for the state regulation of enterprise and of the business activities for profits. At the same time National Socialism appreciated positive activities of enterprise and businessmen. In the views of National Socialism, therefore, there is a dualism of state regulation and private initiative of business, which were often in conflict in policy making. The investigator analyzed then the Nazi policy for the regulation of corporations, and pointed out that the creative activities of enterprise was regarded as valuable and the position of directors was esteemed more than shareholders of corporation. This view was connected with Nazi principle of Fuhrerprinzip. The regulation of rates of stocks-dividend made therefore a controlling policy of profits by National Socialism, which was not anti-capitalistic, but reformative for capitalism. Less

德国国家社会主义的经济制度，其特点是几乎在所有经济领域都实行控制，其中企业的规章制度尤其重要。本研究的目的是考察国家社会主义时期德国的商业控制和企业利润调节。纳粹的商业控制经常被描述为全面的。根据L.Hamburger，How Nazi德国Has Controlled Business（华盛顿，1943），从这一总体来看，它不能与过去已知存在的任何商业控制模式相等同。但后来对国家社会主义经济政策的研究，如W.费舍尔认为纳粹对经济的控制是模糊和不一致的。对于本研究所要解决的问题，作者们的看法是如此的不同。本文首先对以往国家社会主义对政府控制经济活动的研究进行了梳理，发现 ...更多信息 20世纪30年代日本当代学者如和胜间荣、加贺哲二、赵守吉等对纳粹企业控制的研究非常准确，他们的研究在今天看来仍具有重要意义。本项目研究者的文章“Senzen Nihon ni okeru Nazis-Keizai-shiso no kenkyu”（明治大学成经文集，第71卷，第1-2期，2002年1 - 2月）就是这项调查的结果。然后，研究者考察了纳粹的经济原则：Gemeinnutz geht vor Eigennutz，这是非常重要的基本观点，国家管制企业和商业活动的利润。与此同时，国家社会主义赞赏企业和商人的积极活动。因此，在国家社会主义的观点中，存在着国家管制和企业私人主动性的二元论，这在政策制定中经常发生冲突。研究者分析了当时纳粹对公司的管制政策，指出企业的创造性活动被认为是有价值的，董事的地位比公司股东更受尊重。这一观点与纳粹的元首原则有关。因此，国家社会主义对股票股利率的管制是一种利润控制政策，它不是反资本主义的，而是对资本主义的改革。少

项目成果

柳澤 治: "戦時期日本における経済倫理の問題(上)"思想(岩波書店). 934号. 74-101 (2002)

柳泽修：“战时日本的经济伦理问题（第1部分）”的思考（岩波书店）第934期。74-101（2002年）。

Osamu YANAGISAWA: ""Gemeinnutz geht vor Eigennutz" im Streit um die Neue Wirtschaftsordnung in Japan in der kritischen Zeit, in : R. Gommel/M. A. Denzel (Hgg.), Weltwirtschaft und Wirtschaftsordnung"Stuttgait, Franz steiner Verlag. (2002)

Osamu YANAGISAWA：“Gemeinnutz geht vor Eigennutz” im Streit um die Neue Wirtschaftsordnung in Japan in der kritischen Zeit, in : R. Gommel/M. A. Denzel (Hgg.), Weltwirtschaft und Wirtschaftsordnung"Stuttgait，Franz steiner Verlag。

O.Yanagisawa, R.Gommel/M.A.Denzel (Hg.): ""Gemeinnutz geht vor Eigennutz" imStreit um die Neue Wirtschaftsordnung in Japan inder kritischen Zeit"Weltwirtschaft und Wirtschaftsordnung (Festschrift fur Jurgen Schneider zum 65. Geburtstag), Stuttgart. 301-31

O.Yanagisawa、R.Gommel/M.A.Denzel (Hg.)：“Gemeinnutz geht vor Eigennutz” imStreit um die Neue Wirtschaftsordnung in Japan inder kritischen Zeit"Weltwirtschaft und Wirtschaftsordnung (Festschrift Fur Jurgen Schneider zum 65. Geburtstag)， 。

柳澤 治: "戦時期日本における経済倫理の問題(下)"思想. 936(印刷中). (2002)

Osamu Yanagisawa：“战时日本的经济伦理问题（第二部分）”936（出版中）。

柳澤 治: "戦時期日本における経済倫理の問題(下)"思想(岩波書店). 936号. 127-147 (2002)

柳泽修：“战时日本的经济伦理问题（第二部分）”的思考（岩波书店）第 936. 127-147（2002 年）。