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Studies on the Global-Local Problems in Spatial Planning

空间规划中的全局-局部问题研究

基本信息

批准号：
13650577
负责人：
ANDO Asao
金额：
$ 1.6万
依托单位：
Tohoku University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2001 至 2003
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13650577/
关键词：
Urban Economics Public Facility Location NIMBY facilities Balanced Regional Growth Over-and Under-Populated Areas Geographic Information Hub Airports Aviation Industry 航空ハブ 2国マクロモデル 1次元都市モデル NIMBY(迷惑)施設都市財政一部行政事務組合

项目摘要

This research is aimed at studying the problems where a single policy might have contradicting effects on the different spatial levels. The two problems. i.e., the proper land use of a country and the location of public facilities, are the major topics of the report. which comprises 4 chapters. Chapter 1 is on the problem related to the coexistence of overcrowded and depopulated areas. A model of two cities with internal spaces is formulated, where productivity receives an externality not from the mass of population, but from its spatial distribution. Although it is difficult to analytically obtain the qualitative results, our numerical analysis suggests that a policy to seek global balance can promote local imbalance. Chapter 2 and 3 are on the location of NIMBY facilities. A model concerning the case where two adjacent communities independently build their waste disposal plants is formulated, and spatial arrangements of the facilities are evaluated numerically from the viewpoint of social welfare. A statistical comparative static scheme is used to organize the diversified results. An empirical study on the location of waste disposal plants in Fukushima Prefecture is reported in Chapter 3. which attempts to quantify the degree of dislike using the deviation of the sites from the cost-efficient points where transport costs are minimized. When more than one facility is operated in one zone, the area served by the each facility Is determined by the Voronoi divisions Chapter 4 is on the efficient location of airports. The model considers two foreign countries, one near and the other far apart, and whether to build the second airport in the home county along a line segment. The numerical results suggest that the local policy to provide two airports In the hope of reducing individual access costs does not necessarily bring the increase in the social surplus, thus disagrees with the global target.

本研究旨在探讨单一政策在不同空间层次上可能产生的矛盾效应。两个问题。也就是说，一个国家土地的合理使用和公共设施的位置是报告的主要议题。全文共分四章。第一章是关于过度拥挤和人口稀少地区共存的问题。本文提出了一个具有内部空间的两个城市的模型，在这个模型中，生产力的外部性不是来自于人口的数量，而是来自于人口的空间分布。虽然很难从分析上得到定性结果，但我们的数值分析表明，寻求全球平衡的政策可能会促进局部失衡。第2章和第3章是关于邻避设施的位置。建立了两个相邻社区独立建设垃圾处理厂的模型，并从社会福利的角度对设施的空间配置进行了数值评估。统计比较静态方案用于组织多样化的结果。第三章对福岛县的核废料处理厂选址进行了实证研究。其试图使用站点与运输成本最小化的成本有效点的偏差来量化不喜欢的程度。当一个区域内有多个设施运行时，每个设施所服务的区域由沃罗诺伊分区确定第4章是关于机场的有效选址。该模型考虑了两个外国，一个近，另一个远，以及是否建立第二个机场在母国沿着段。数值结果表明，地方政府为了降低个人出行成本而提供两个机场的政策并不一定会带来社会剩余的增加，因此与全球目标不一致。