Garlic as new anti-cancer and chemopreventive functional food

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Garlic (Allium sativum L.) and its components have been reported to reduce the risk of cancer. In this project we have characterized garlic as new chemopreventive and anti-cancer food.1. Anti-cancer effect of allyl sulfides ; structure-function relationship and their mechanisms involved in anti neoplastic activityIn this study we investigated the effects of diallyl trisulfide (DATS) and its analogue alk(en)yl sulfides on proliferation of HCT-15, human colon cancer cell line. DATS significantly inhibited the proliferation of HCT-15 cells (IC_<50>=5.0μM), while both alk(en)yl monosulfides (e.g. diallyl monosulfide ; DAS) and disullfides (e.g. diallyl disulfide ; DADS) did not show any effect on the cell proliferation. Depending on the alk(en)yl carbon chain length, alk(en)yl trisulfide treated cells showed the tendency to inhibit the cell proliferation. DATS inhibited the cell cycle progression at G2/M phase which accompanied elevation of cyclin B1 protein level, and also induced the apo … More ptosis in the cells via activation of caspase-3. DATS inhibited the polymerization of the cells in interphase. In vitro tubulin turbidity assay. DATS inhibited the microtubule polymerization, but not microtubule depolymerization.2. Chemopreventive effect of allyl sulfide ; The effect of allyl sulfides on the phase I and II drug-metabolizing enzymes.Allyl sulfides were administered i.p. as a bolus to Wistar strain rats for 14 days. As to the phase I enzymes, DAS (100μmol/kg) significantly increased cytochrome P450 (GYP) 2E1 activity, whereas DADS and DATS did not affect it or the hepatic total CYP level or CYP1A1/2 activity. With respect to the phase II enzymes, DATS (10μmol/kg) and DADS at a 10-fold higher dose (100μmol/kg) significantly increased the activities of glutathione S-transferase, quinone reductase, and glutathione peroxidase ; whereas DAS did not.In the carbon tetrachloride (CCl_4)-induced acute liver injury model of rats, either DATS (10μmol/kg) or DADS (100μmol/kg) significantly reduced the injury caused by the induction of phase II enzymes with CCl_4. In conclusion, DATS may be one of the important factors in garlic oil that protects our body against the injury caused by radical molecules encountered in daily life. Less