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the Preparatory Research on the Constitution of Restorative Justice' System depending on the causes of Juvenile Offences

基于未成年人犯罪原因的恢复性司法制度的构建初探

基本信息

批准号：
13834001
负责人：
NAMAZUGOSHI Itsuhiro
金额：
$ 2.24万
依托单位：
Niigata University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2001 至 2002
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

As the causes of the juvenile offences, we may point out the conflict of human relations in the family, school and community. The educational ability of family became week. his particularly said that fatherhood have been out of date in past decades in Japan. They have been too busy to care their children. They also have lost a self-confidence abut their moral. About the education at the School, teachers are keen to teach the knowledge to pass the entrance examination of the high school or the university. The pupil who can not catch up the teaching curriculum or have no interest about the teaching subject might drop out from t he course of study. The number of the youth who have no job and no academic career have enough time to commit the offences.Facing the increase the cases of the juvenile offences Japanese government changed the policy of juvenile justice system from welfare policy to justice policy Justice policy include the stress of the due process and more severe punishment.However the change of the policy has been criticized by human right group and the some academics try to seek a new policy. They find that in Europe a new policy which is so called `Restorative Justice' is arising.They search the possibility to introduce the restorative justice in Japan. However in order to introduce the restorative justice it need to change the basic idea of the criminal justice system. The restorative justice demand the three actor -offender, victim, member of community. In Japan victim of the offence have no chance to committee the criminal procedure. The member of the community also have been estranged.In this decade, Japanese Criminal Justice System shall be changed dramatically. The victim has a right to prosecute the offender and to appear the court to give the opinion about the punishment. The member of the community will be sit at the criminal court of justice with judges.We can have a hope to introduce the restorative justice in Japan.

作为青少年犯罪的原因，我们可以指出家庭、学校和社区人际关系的冲突。家庭教育能力变弱。他特别指出，在过去几十年里，父亲角色在日本已经过时了。他们一直忙碌得无暇照顾孩子。他们也对自己的道德失去了自信。关于学校的教育，老师们热衷于教授通过高中或大学入学考试的知识。那些跟不上教学课程或对教学科目不感兴趣的学生可能会辍学。面对日益增多的青少年犯罪案件，日本政府对未成年人司法制度的政策从福利政策转向了司法政策，司法政策强调了正当程序和更严厉的惩罚。然而，这一政策的改变遭到了人权团体的批评，一些学者试图从司法政策的角度对未成年人犯罪进行分析，并提出了一些建议寻求新的政策。他们发现在欧洲正在兴起一种新的政策，即所谓的“恢复性司法”，他们探索在日本引入恢复性司法的可能性。然而，要引入恢复性司法，就需要改变刑事司法制度的基本理念。恢复性司法需要犯罪人、被害人、社区成员三方参与.在日本，犯罪的受害者没有机会提起刑事诉讼。在这十年里，日本的刑事司法制度将发生巨大的变化。受害者有权起诉罪犯，并出庭就处罚提出意见。社区成员将与法官一起坐在刑事法庭上，我们有望在日本引入恢复性司法。