International Migration and the Reconfiguration of Gender Relations in Contemporary Japanese Society : Empowerment of Women Migrants and Their Subject Formations

国际移民与当代日本社会性别关系的重构:女性移民的赋权及其主体形成

• 批准号: 13837004
• 负责人: ITO Ruri
• 金额: $ 2.62万
• 依托单位: Ochanomizu University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2001 至 2003
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13837004/
• 关键词: gender; international migration; women migrants; ethnicity; minority; Japanese Brazilians; Filipinos; intermarriage; 国際結婚; 国際移民; 日経ブラジル人

This research project attempts (1) to shed light on the multiple ways in which women migrants living in Japan endeavor to empower themselves, and (2) to inquire on the impacts of migration on the gender configuration among the migrants and their families. Case studies cover women migrants coming from the Philippines, Brazil, Thailand, as well as Koreans. In connection to the second objective, a case study on intermarriage between Japanese women and Pakistani men was included.The activites undertaken by women migrants were divided into two fields : associative life and economic activites. Under the category of associative life, the research examined, for example, the case of Brazilian mothers taking part in PTAs, and the subsequent foundation of their own association to support children's education. This study as well as the ones concerning Filipino mothers show that a sensible portion of migrant mothers are concerned about the transmission of their language and culture to their children and are pursuing ways to open a space for bicultural families in Japan. Cases of Filipino women migrants engaged in small business, such as sarisari store or restaurants, were also studied. Studies show that despite considerable obstacles, some succeed in maintaining and even expanding their business by making use of "social circles" among women.Lastly, with regard to the reconfiguring of gender relations and subject formations, the research revealed that the experience of migration frequently awakens the "national" identity of women and hence, the interpretation of their motherhood is altered. The extreme importance Japanese society put on the educational role of mothers create a strong dilemma among women migrants who are necessarily handicapped to play this idealized role due to lack of language capacity. Other issues such as the effects of the Revised Law on Equal Employment Opportunity on Brazilian women worker were also studied.

本研究项目试图（1）阐明生活在日本的女性移民奋进增强自己能力的多种方式，（2）探讨移民对移民及其家庭性别结构的影响。个案研究涵盖来自菲律宾、巴西、泰国以及韩国的移徙妇女。关于第二个目标，列入了一项关于日本妇女与巴基斯坦男子通婚的个案研究，移民妇女从事的活动分为两个领域：交往生活和经济活动。例如，在社团生活类别下，研究审查了巴西母亲参加家长教师协会的情况，以及随后建立自己的社团以支持子女教育的情况。这项研究以及关于菲律宾母亲的研究表明，相当一部分移民母亲关心将自己的语言和文化传给子女，并正在设法为日本的双文化家庭开辟空间。还研究了从事小生意的菲律宾妇女移民的案例，如经营纱丽店或餐馆。研究表明，尽管存在相当大的障碍，但有些人通过利用妇女中的“社交圈”成功地维持甚至扩大了自己的业务，最后，关于重新配置性别关系和主题形成，研究表明，移徙的经历经常唤醒妇女的“民族”身份，因此，改变了对她们母亲身份的解释。日本社会极为重视母亲的教育作用，这使移民妇女陷入了两难境地，她们由于缺乏语言能力，必然无法发挥这一理想化的作用。还研究了《平等就业机会修正法》对巴西女工的影响等其他问题。

项目成果

Ito Ruri: "International Migration and the Reconfiguration of Gender"Comparative Studies of Culture(edited by Hara Hiroko)(The Society for the Promotion of the University of the Air). 229-252 (2002)

伊藤瑠璃：《国际移徙与性别重构》文化比较研究（原博子编）（空中大学振兴会）。

Adachi Mariko: "Predetermined Exclusion and Internal Exclusion"Gendai Shiso (Contemporary Thoughts). Vol.31, No.1. 86-92 (2003)

足立圆子：《预定的排斥与内部的排斥》现代思想（当代思想）。

イシカワ・エウニセ: "ブラジル人の日本滞在長期化にともなう諸問題"ラテンアメリカ・カリブ研究. 10号. 11-20 (2003)

Eunice Ishikawa：“与巴西人在日本长期居留有关的问题”《拉丁美洲和加勒比研究》第 10 期。11-20 (2003)。

定松文: "国際結婚にみる家族の問題-フィリピン人女性と日本人男性の結婚・離婚をめぐって-"宮島喬・加納弘勝編 『シリーズ国際社会 変容する日本社会と文化』 東京大学出版会. (近刊予定). (2002)

Fumi Sadamatsu：“国际婚姻中的家庭问题 - 菲律宾女性和日本男性之间的婚姻和离婚”，宫岛隆和加纳弘胜编辑，“国际社会：改变日本社会和文化”，东京大学出版社（2002 年）。 ）

稲葉奈々子: "移住女性の権利保障:宣言と行動計画から考える"反差別国際運動日本委員会編 マイノリティ女性の視点を政策に!社会に!:女性差別撤廃委員会日本報告書審査を通して(解放出版社). 202-210 (2003)

稻叶菜菜子：《保障移徙妇女的权利：从宣言和行动计划中思考》，国际反歧视运动日本委员会编辑 将少数民族妇女的观点纳入社会政策！：通过委员会对日本报告的审查《消除对妇女歧视》（开复出版社）202-210（2003）