Political, Cultural and Psychoanalytical Aspects of "Hearing" and Gender

这项研究的目的是调查性别结构出现时“听力”的政治、文化和心理分析方面的问题。通过将“听”的行为引入经典女权主义关于“看”及其权力功能的研究中，我们试图审视权力产生的各种模棱两可的方式，这些方式不能归结为“看”主体和“看”客体这两个简单的二元体。为此，我们通过分析流行音乐和戏剧的几个不同主题，集中探讨了以下两个主题：(1)针对一个人的口语和声音(以音乐的形式以及戏剧/艺术话语的形式)如何影响她/他的性别认同？(2)这种听觉材料与权力问题有何联系？我们通过研究政治关系(Nitta)、文化生产和消费场所(Zettsu)以及一个人的心理体验(近藤)来推进这一项目。话题和材料是根据三位研究人员的兴趣领域广泛选择的：Nitta研究了说唱音乐的审美政治，而Zettsu通过研究美国布鲁斯音乐和日本流行音乐指出了流行音乐文化作品的性别意义。另一方面，近藤已经证明了类似的听力文化政治在早期现代英国戏剧中的作用。

The purpose of this study is to investigate political, cultural and psychoanalytical aspects of"hearing" at the emergence of gender structures. By introducing, the act of "hearing" to the classic feminist studies of "looking" and its function of power, we have intended to examine various ambiguous ways of engendering power, which cannot be subsumed into the simplistic dyad of the "looking" subject and the "looked" object. For this purpose, we have concentrated on pursuing the following two subjects through analyzing several different topics concerning popular music and theater : (1) How do spoken words and sounds addressed to a person (in the form of music as well as dramatic/artistic utterances) influence her/his gender identity? (2) How are such auditory materials connected with the problem of power? We have advanced this project by looking at political relations(Nitta), sites of cultural production and consumption (Zettsu), and one's psychological experiences (Kondo). Topics and materials have been widely chosen in accordance with the three researchers' fields of interests : Nitta has investigated rap music's aesthetic politics, while Zettsu has pointed out gender significance of popular music's cultural works by examining American blues music and Japanese popular music. Kondo, on the other hand, has proved the functioning of similar cultural politics of hearing in the early modern English theater.