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Forensic and clinical toxicologic studies on blood cyanide concentrations in fire victims

火灾受害者血液氰化物浓度的法医和临床毒理学研究

基本信息

批准号：
13670426
负责人：
MORIYA Fumio
金额：
$ 1.34万
依托单位：
Kochi Medical School
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2001 至 2002
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of slight methemoglobinemia, typically caused by fire gases, and of the postmortem interval on blood cyanide concentrations in fire victims. The rabbits were sacrificed by intramuscular injection of 1 ml/kg 2% potassium cyanide 5 min after intravenous injection of 0.33 ml/kg of 3% sodium nitrite or physiological saline. Average cyanide concentrations in cardiac blood at the time of death were 47.4 and 3.56 mg/l, respectively. When blood-containing hearts of the rabbits were left at room temperature (20-25℃), cyanide had disappeared almost completely by the end of a storage period of 72 h. Blood cyanide was stable in the hearts left at 4℃. Based on the results of the animal experiments, the formula : C_0=C・e^<0.046t> (C_0=blood cyanide concentration at the time of death, C=blood cyanide concentration detected at autopsy, and t=postmortem interval) was determined. Of twenty-two fire victims with postmortem intervals of 8 to 48 h, five was suspected that blood cyanide concentrations at the time of death had been as high as 5.32-6.47 mg/l. Three showed high saturation (54.7-63.0%) of carboxyhemoglobin and elevated total (free and combined with cyanide) methemoglobin contents (2.6-5.0%). Blood cyanide might have been completely combined with methemoglobin at the time of their death. In the remaining two victims, carboxyhemoglobin saturation was not high (30.9 and 37.9%) and no free methemoglobin was detected. As a result they may have exhibited severe toxic effects of cyanide at the time of their death. Our results suggest that 1) blood cyanide concentrations at the time of death should be estimated using our regression equation and 2) methemoglobin contents as well as carboxyhemoglobin saturation should be determined if toxic effects of cyanide in fire victims are to be properly evaluated.

本研究的目的是研究轻微高铁血红蛋白血症，通常是由火灾气体，和火灾受害者的血液氰化物浓度的死后间隔的影响。静脉注射0.33ml/kg 3%亚硝酸钠或生理盐水后5 min，肌肉注射1 ml/kg 2%氰化钾处死。死亡时心脏血液中的平均氰化物浓度分别为47.4和3.56 mg/l。将含血的兔心在室温（20-25℃）下放置72 h，氰化物几乎完全消失。血液氰化物在4℃下放置的心脏中是稳定的。根据动物实验结果，确定了死亡时血氰浓度C_0=C·e^<0.046t>（C_0=死亡时血氰浓度，C=尸体解剖时血氰浓度，t=死亡时间）的计算公式。在22名火灾受害者中，死亡时间间隔为8至48小时，5人被怀疑死亡时血液氰化物浓度高达5.32-6.47 mg/l。三个显示高饱和度（54.7-63.0%）的碳氧血红蛋白和升高的总（游离和结合氰化物）高铁血红蛋白含量（2.6-5.0%）。在他们死亡时，血液中的氰化物可能已经完全与高铁血红蛋白结合。在其余两名受害者中，碳氧血红蛋白饱和度不高（30.9%和37.9%），未检测到游离高铁血红蛋白。因此，他们在死亡时可能表现出严重的氰化物毒性作用。我们的研究结果表明，1）血液氰化物浓度在死亡时，应估计使用我们的回归方程和2）高铁血红蛋白含量以及碳氧血红蛋白饱和度，如果要正确评估氰化物在火灾受害者的毒性作用，应确定。