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Forensic and clinical toxicologic studies on blood cyanide concentrations in fire victims

火灾受害者血液氰化物浓度的法医和临床毒理学研究

基本信息

批准号：
13670426
负责人：
MORIYA Fumio
金额：
$ 1.34万
依托单位：
Kochi Medical School
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2001 至 2002
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of slight methemoglobinemia, typically caused by fire gases, and of the postmortem interval on blood cyanide concentrations in fire victims. The rabbits were sacrificed by intramuscular injection of 1 ml/kg 2% potassium cyanide 5 min after intravenous injection of 0.33 ml/kg of 3% sodium nitrite or physiological saline. Average cyanide concentrations in cardiac blood at the time of death were 47.4 and 3.56 mg/l, respectively. When blood-containing hearts of the rabbits were left at room temperature (20-25℃), cyanide had disappeared almost completely by the end of a storage period of 72 h. Blood cyanide was stable in the hearts left at 4℃. Based on the results of the animal experiments, the formula : C_0=C・e^<0.046t> (C_0=blood cyanide concentration at the time of death, C=blood cyanide concentration detected at autopsy, and t=postmortem interval) was determined. Of twenty-two fire victims with postmortem intervals of 8 to 48 h, five was suspected that blood cyanide concentrations at the time of death had been as high as 5.32-6.47 mg/l. Three showed high saturation (54.7-63.0%) of carboxyhemoglobin and elevated total (free and combined with cyanide) methemoglobin contents (2.6-5.0%). Blood cyanide might have been completely combined with methemoglobin at the time of their death. In the remaining two victims, carboxyhemoglobin saturation was not high (30.9 and 37.9%) and no free methemoglobin was detected. As a result they may have exhibited severe toxic effects of cyanide at the time of their death. Our results suggest that 1) blood cyanide concentrations at the time of death should be estimated using our regression equation and 2) methemoglobin contents as well as carboxyhemoglobin saturation should be determined if toxic effects of cyanide in fire victims are to be properly evaluated.

本研究的目的是检查轻微的高铁血红蛋白血症（通常由火灾气体引起）和死后间隔对火灾受害者血液氰化物浓度的影响。在静脉注射3%亚硝酸钠0.33 ml/kg或生理盐水5 min后，肌肉注射2%氰化钾1 ml/kg处死。死亡时心脏血液中氰化物的平均浓度分别为47.4和3.56 mg/l。将含血兔心脏置于室温（20 ~ 25℃）保存72 h后，氰化物几乎完全消失。4℃保存后，血中氰化物稳定。根据动物实验结果，得出C_0=C·e^<0.046t> （C_0=死亡时血中氰化物浓度，C=尸检时血中氰化物浓度，t=死后时间）。在22名死亡间隔为8至48小时的火灾受害者中，有5人怀疑死亡时血液中的氰化物浓度高达5.32至6.47毫克/升。其中3个碳氧血红蛋白饱和度高（54.7-63.0%），总高铁血红蛋白（游离和结合氰化物）含量升高（2.6-5.0%）。在他们死的时候血液中的氰化物可能已经和高铁血红蛋白完全结合了其余2例患者碳氧血红蛋白饱和度不高（30.9%和37.9%），未检出游离高铁血红蛋白。因此，他们在死亡时可能表现出氰化物的严重毒性作用。我们的研究结果表明，1)死亡时的血液氰化物浓度应该使用我们的回归方程来估计，2)如果要正确评估氰化物对火灾受害者的毒性作用，应该确定高铁血红蛋白含量和碳氧血红蛋白饱和度。