Molecular mechanism of role of integrin in hypertensive heart and heart failure

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Integrins are a family of transmembrane receptors which were mainly studied on angiogenesis and metastasis of malignant tumor. The interaction of integrins with extracellular matrix protein promotes cell adhesion, spreading, cell migration, and cell proliferation, and they seem to be related to cardiovascular disease. Recently, the beta 1 integrin has been implicated in cardiac hypertrophy. We have researched about the effect of interstitium on cardiac function, especially cardiac fibroblast and integrin system. Integrin system is complicated because more than twenty types of integrins and many types of extracellular matrix proteins. We have already reported that angiotensin II enhances αV, β3, and β5 integrin expressions in cardiac fibroblast and adhesion of cardiac fibroblast to extracellular matrix proteins. Moreover, αV, β3, and β5 integrins of vascular smooth muscle cells, and they are related to vascular smooth muscle cell migration which is related to atherosclerosis.In 2K1C hypertensive heart, these integrins were increased, focal adhesion kinase was activated, and they were accompanied with cardiac remodeling and diastolic dysfunction.