The Development of Teaching Materials of Accent Training for Japanese Language Learners

在本研究中，进行了一个实验，什么样的口音变化会受到母语者的负面评价。本研究旨在探讨母语使用者对语音变异的容忍度，即使是不准确的发音。根据本研究的结果，我想对日语教学提出以下几点建议。(1)形容词的教学应遵循“词形在最后一个莫拉前降调”的原则。所有的共轭形式都在与它们的字典形式相同的位置上降音。(The例外情况是下面的规则（3）。(2)动词NAI形式的教学应遵循“所有动词的变位形式都在与词典形式相同的位置上降调”的原则。关于字典的形式，有两个群体。A组的落点在“NAI”。B组落球位置在“NAI”前。(The例外情况是下面的规则（3）。(3)修饰名词或动词时语气要平缓。这一规则适用于形容词和动词的NAI形式。但是，在口音训练课程中，对于高级水平的学习者，使用更自然的口音，如“ABUNAITOKORO”和“ABUNAKUNA-RU”，对于初级水平的学习者和/或对口音训练需求不高的学习者，使用更系统的简化口音，如“ABUNA-ITOKORO”和“ABUNA-KUNARU”。

In this research, an experiment was conducted on what variation of accent receives negative evaluation from Native Speakers. This study is an attempt to investigate what types of phonological variation are tolerated by Native Speakers even if it is not 'accurate' pronunciation. I would like to suggest the following implications for Japanese language teaching based upon the results of this research.(1) Adjective should be taught with the rule of "Dictionary form drops the tone in front of the last mora. And all conjugated forms drop the tone at the same position as the one of their dictionary form. (The exception is Rule (3)below.)(2) NAI-form of verbs should be taught with the rule of "all conjugated forms drop the tone at the same position as their dictionary form. Regarding the dictionary form, there exist two groups. Group A's dropping position is at "NAI". Group B's dropping position is right before "NAI". (The exception is Rule (3) below.)(3) Keep tone flat when modifying a noun or a verb. This rule can be applied both to adjectives and NAI-form of verbs.However, In accent training sessions, Use more natural accent as in " ABUNAITOKORO" and "ABUNAKUNA-RU" for learners at advanced level, and use more systematically simplified accent as in "ABUNA-ITOKORO" "ABUNA-KUNARU" for learners at beginning level, and/or learners whose needs of accent training are not so high.