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A study of types and cognitive functions of representation from an interactionist perspective

互动主义视角下表征类型与认知功能研究

基本信息

批准号：
14510004
负责人：
NOBUHARA Yukihiro
金额：
$ 1.6万
依托单位：
The University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

I have studied what roles representation plays in cognition from an interactionist perspective. The results are as follows. (1)Cognition is divided into two groups, one requiring representation and the other not. In the latter group there is an intimate interaction between an organism and its environment that is adequately described as a dynamical process, while the former group includes a process which is adequately described as transformations of representations or a convergence of stimuli into a certain inner state. (2)There are at least three types of representation ; symbolic representations which have syntactic structure and so are productive, pictorial representations which evoke a perception similar to the one evoked by the represented object, and distributed representations which represent composite things without decomposing. (3)The relatively low level of organism environment interaction such as perception or walking is enabled by distributed representations while the relati … More vely high level of interaction such as mediated by a plan or inference is enabled by symbolic representations. Pictorial representations enable a quasi perceptual experience of the represented object by evoking a perception similar to the one evoked by the object. (4)Thought includes symbolic representation while perception includes distributed one. Therefore thought has conceptual content which enables rational inference while perception has nonconceptual content which does not. As a consequence, perception cannot be a reason for having any thought. Nevertheless a perception can justify the thought which it causes in the sense that the thought is true when the perception is true. (5)Perceptions in different sense modalities such as vision, audition or touch employ different types of representation. Therefore the answer to the Molyneux's question is negative. However representations in different sense modalities which represent the same things have a tendency to be accommodated into the same concept. This tendency ensures that the uniqueness of the objective world is conceptually secured. Less

我从互动主义的角度研究了表征在认知中扮演的角色。结果如下。（1）认知分为两类，一类需要表征，另一类不需要。在后一组中，有机体与其环境之间存在着一种密切的相互作用，这种相互作用被充分地描述为一种动力学过程，而前一组包括一种过程，这种过程被充分地描述为表征的转换或刺激向某种内在状态的汇聚。（2）至少有三种类型的表征：具有句法结构因而是生产性的符号表征，唤起与被表征对象所唤起的感知相似的感知的图画表征，以及不分解地表征复合事物的分布式表征。（3）相对较低水平的生物体环境交互（如感知或行走）是由分布式表示实现的，而关系表示是由分布式表示实现的。 ...更多信息通过符号表示来实现诸如由计划或推理介导的非常高水平的交互。图画表征通过唤起与物体所唤起的感知相似的感知，使被表征物体的准感知体验成为可能。（4）思维包括符号表征，知觉包括分布表征。因此，思维具有概念性的内容，能够进行理性推理，而知觉具有非概念性的内容，不能进行理性推理。因此，知觉不能成为产生任何思想的理由。然而，一个知觉可以证明它所引起的思想是正确的，因为当知觉是正确的时，思想是正确的。（5）不同感觉形式的知觉，如视觉、听觉或触觉，采用不同类型的表征。因此，莫利纽克斯问题的答案是否定的。然而，不同意义模态的表征在表征同一事物时，往往会被纳入同一概念。这种倾向确保了客观世界的独特性在概念上得到保证。少