Environmental Conflict and Communication

日本的环境影响评估制度缺乏这样的观点，即它必须有助于妥善解决争端。缺乏风险沟通的最大原因是，它不需要开发商和居民之间的双向沟通。相反，现在的环境问题包括环境风险的各个方面，因此人们要求参与决策过程。许多社会学家和社会心理学家从不同的角度对风险沟通进行了研究。他们理所当然地接受了双向沟通。但它们是为了避免未来的冲突而进行的研究，而不是为了解决已经产生的冲突。笔者对开发商与居民之间的风险沟通进行了案例研究。我发现开发商和居民双方都试图进行有利于自己的沟通，因此沟通是在中立的过程中进行的。这种中立的沟通过程有一个矛盾，即它必须确保无休止的沟通过程和产生任何决策。

The environmental impact assessment system in Japan lacks the point of view that it must contribute to proper dispute resolution. The largest reason of its lack is, I guess, that it doesn't need two way communications between developer and residents.On the contrary to it, environmental problems include aspects of environmental risk now, therefore people demands participation in decision-making process.Many sociologists and social psychologists have researched risk communications in different way. They rightly accept the two way communications. But they are researches to avoid conflicts in future, not to resolute conflicts which is brought about already. I have researched some cases about risk communication between developer and residents. I discovered that each side of developer and residents tried to communicate in favor of their self, therefore the communication advanced in neutral process. This neutral communication process has a contradiction that it have to ensure the endless communication process and produce any decision.