Censorship Litigation and School Libraries in the United States: An Overview

1. 大多数学校图书馆审查诉讼发生在20世纪70年代。然而，从20世纪90年代中期开始，法院案件的数量有增加的趋势。在所有情况下，学校教育委员会都删除、限制或审查图书馆资料。然后学生、老师和/或家长起诉董事会侵犯了他们的第一修正案权利（如言论自由、知情权、学术自由等）。法院判决的结论分歧很大。一些认可的教育委员会的法定权利和权力，以选择/删除图书馆资料。其他人则反对董事会的自由裁量权，以保护学生获得合法材料的权利和/或教师的教学自由。本研究不仅对学校图书馆知识自由的研究有一定的借鉴意义，而且对学校图书馆的宗旨、作用和使命也有一定的借鉴意义。

1. Most of the school library censorship litigations occured in the 1970's. However, there are some tendencies to increase the number of court cases from mid 1990's.2. In all cases the school board of education removed, restricted or censored library materials. And then students, teachers, and/or parents sued the board toinfringe their First Amendment rights (ex. freedom of expression, right to know, academic freedom etc.).3. The conclusion of court decisions is sharply divided. Some approved board of education's statutory right and authority to select/remove library materials. Others rejected board's discretionary powers in order to protect students' rightto access to lawful materials and/or teacher's freedom to teach.This study contributes to various researches not merely for the intellectual freedom in school libraries, but also for the purpose, role and mission of the school library in general.