Classicism and the Reception of Goethe in 19^<th> Century Germany-The Development of a Canon and the Function of Memory and Tradition

19^<th>世纪德国民族文学的发展，也是歌德成为德国经典的时期。本文分析了与这一发展过程相关的以下现象：1.温克尔曼对古希腊经典的热爱和对自己时代的批判，这是歌德被视为重生的古希腊经典的话语来源; 2.歌德和席勒被视为他们那个时代的狄俄斯库里; 3.如何根据早期浪漫主义的原则来阅读歌德的《梅斯特》; 4.“不育”歌德的作品（海涅对浪漫主义学派的批评）5.正典的发展--选择和拒绝的过程，对歌德的崇拜。6.格奥尔格·布赫曼收集歌德的引文。7.文学经典作品的大量出版。8.作为学校主题的文学史摘要。9.歌德计划出版一本“人人读的文学读物”。10.歌德作品的女性读者崇拜（多萝西娅与贝蒂娜）11.歌德与贝蒂娜的书信往来与当时邮政体制的作用12.歌德作为女性幻想的主体13.歌德地位的确立歌德的经典化对19^世纪德国民族文学的发展起着重要的作用<th>对古希腊经典的热情，在Germnay比在英国或法国要强烈得多，这与对Goehte及其作品的崇拜密切相关。

In 19^<th> century a German national literature developed, and it was at the same time, that Goethe became a German classic. In this project the following phenomena concerning this development were analyzed.1.The enthusiasm of Winckelmann for the ancient Greek classics and the criticism of his own time as source of the discourse in which Goethe is seen as a reborn ancient classic.2.Goethe and Schiller seen as Dioscuri of their time.3.How to read Gothe's "Meister" based on the principles of the early romanticism.4.The "infertility" of Goethe's works (Heine's criticism of the Romantic School)5.The development of a canon - the process of selection and rejection, the idolization of Goethe.6.Georg Buchmann's collection of citations from Goethe.7.The mass publication of classical works of literature.8.Abridged literature history as school topics.9.Goethe's planning of a "Reader of Literature for Everybody".10.Female readers adoring Goethe's work (Dorothea and Bettina).11.Goethe's and Bettina's correspondence and the role of the postage system at that time.12.Goethe as subject of female phantasies.13.The erection of Goethe status.The turning of Goethe into a classic plays an important part in the development of a German national literature in the 19^<th> century. The enthusiasm for the ancient Greek classics, which is much stronger in Germnay than it is for example in England or in France is closely connected to the adoration of Goehte and his works.