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Examination of Syntactic Constraints and Modeling of Verbal Working Memory by Experimental Study of Sentence Comprehension

通过句子理解的实验研究检验句法约束和言语工作记忆建模

基本信息

批准号：
14510629
负责人：
TOKIMOTO Shingo
金额：
$ 1.22万
依托单位：
Mejiro University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The objective of this study is to examine the validity of syntactic constraints in real-time sentence processing and the relevance of verbal working memory constraints to the processing by psychological experiments on Japanese sentence comprehension.Some experiments were carried out to examine the roles of case-markings and thematic constraint in Japanese sentence processing. The first series of experiments were intended to examine the processing of Japanese sentences including the words ambiguous between nouns and verbs by the self-paced non-cumulative moving-window reading paradigm. The results suggested that case-markings and thematic constraint were incrementally utilized to build thematic relations, and that the pragmatic plausibility of a sentence affected the disambiguation of the ambiguous words. On the basis of these results, we pointed out the typological problems of English parsing models in their application to Japanese, and we proposed a new model valid for Japanese sentence processing. We performed some experiments to suggest the validity of our model in many types of Japanese sentence.We also discussed the individual differences of verbal working memory estimated by Japanese Reading Span Test and analyzed the correlation between the scores in the test and the speed and accuracy in sentence processing. Our experimental results indicated that readers with high scores in the test tended to comprehend the reanalysis sentences with great processing load more accurately than those with low scores, but the former spent longer time for their comprehension than the latter. In the standard literature of cognitive psychology, trade-off is often assumed for performance speed and accuracy. Our results suggests, however, that the priority of processing speed or accuracy is determined not arbitrarily but by the individual difference of verbal working memory constraints.

本研究旨在通过日语句子理解的心理学实验，考察句法限制在句子即时加工中的有效性以及言语工作记忆限制与句子即时加工的相关性，并考察了日语句子即时加工中的格标记和主题限制的作用。第一组实验采用自步速非累积移动窗口阅读范式，考察日语句子（包括名词和动词之间的歧义词）的加工。结果表明，大小写标记和主题约束被逐步利用来建立主题关系，句子的语用合理性影响歧义词的消歧。在此基础上，我们指出了英语句法分析模型在日语句法分析中存在的类型学问题，并提出了一个适用于日语句子处理的新模型。通过实验验证了该模型在多种类型的日语句子中的有效性，并讨论了由日语阅读广度测验所估计的言语工作记忆的个体差异，分析了测验成绩与句子加工速度和准确性的相关性。实验结果表明，高分阅读者比低分阅读者更能准确地理解加工负荷大的再分析句，但前者的理解时间要比后者长。在认知心理学的标准文献中，经常假设性能速度和准确性的权衡。然而，我们的研究结果表明，加工速度或准确性的优先级不是任意决定的，而是由言语工作记忆限制的个体差异决定的。