Gender and Ethnicity in British Economic History in the 19^<th>and 20^<th>Century

19世纪和20世纪英国经济史中的性别和种族

基本信息

批准号：
14530099
负责人：
OKUDA Nobuko
金额：
$ 1.22万
依托单位：
Nagoya City University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The main research area has been the women immigrants who came to Britain just after Second World War and the policies towards them. Instead of concentrating upon a particular ethnic group, focus was put on a particular sector of women's work, which was suffering severe labor shortages, that is, domestic staff in hospital. By doing so, the research has been able to show that the labor market was structured and re-structured along with the gender and ethnicity line and the Government's strong mindset on gender and ethnicity behind the policy.Although domestic staffs were indispensable for hospitals, the work had been regarded as low status and low paid job. The war-time labor shortages drained hospitals of possible sources of women workers in Britain. While the Ministry of Health tried to recruit and retain women by improving working conditions, they turned their eyes to Irish women. After failing to gain enough workers, they focused on the displaced European persons, especially Baltic women. The advantages of recruiting displaced person was that they could be retained where they were needed most by using possibility of expulsion as a threat. After Baltic women dried up the Government turn to the Ukrainians and the Polish and then Germans and Austrians. With their male counterpart, they were called the European Voluntary Workers(EVWs).On the other hand, the West Indian people were discontented the EVW scheme. Being the British subjects they thought that they should have given priorities in entering British labor market. Under the cumulating pressure from the colonies, Ministry of Health tentatively carried out similar scheme to recruit women from Barbados. By early 1950s, West Indian immigrants started to arrive in Britain and the Ministry of Labor, and its regional offices were anxious to locate West Indian immigrants into jobs and in due course West Indian women were places as the domestic staff in the hospital.

主要的研究领域是第二次世界大战后来到英国的女移民及其对他们的政策。与其专注于特定种族，而是将重点放在妇女工作的特定部门，该部门遭受了严重的劳动力短缺，即医院的家庭工作人员。通过这样做，该研究能够证明劳动力市场是与性别和族裔界限以及政府对政策背后性别和种族的强烈心态进行结构和重建的。战时劳动力短缺耗尽了英国女工可能来源的医院。卫生部试图通过改善工作条件来招募和保留妇女，但她们将目光转向了爱尔兰妇女。在未能获得足够的工人之后，他们专注于流离失所的欧洲人，尤其是波罗的海妇女。招募流离失所者的优势在于，通过使用驱逐的可能性作为威胁，可以将它们保留在最需要的地方。波罗的海妇女干燥后，政府转向乌克兰人和波兰人，然后是德国人和奥地利人。凭借其男性对手，他们被称为欧洲志愿工人（EVW）。另一方面，西印度人民对EVW计划感到不满。作为英国人，他们认为他们应该在进入英国劳动力市场方面的优先事项。在殖民地的累积压力下，卫生部暂定采取了类似的计划，以招募巴巴多斯的妇女。到1950年代初，西印度移民开始到达英国和劳工部，其地区办事处急于将西印度移民找到工作，在适当的时候，西印度妇女是医院的家庭工作人员。