Three-Dimensional Molecular Alignment by the Use of Selective Adsorption on Solids

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Organic thin films with high performance require three-dimensional (3D) regulation of the position and the orientation of molecules in organic thin films. The 3D regulation appears to be feasible by combination of one-dimensional out-of-plane regulation and two-dimensional in-plane alignment. The out-of-plane regulation involves the molecular layer epitaxy method firstly demonstrated by the author, and the out-of-plane alignment can be controlled by the interfacial anisotropy induced by the external electric field, the substrate crystal structure and the rubbing of the substrate surface. The electric and optical properties of these films are investigated. The mechanism of the specific structure formation is discussed from the quartz crystal microbalance study on the basis of a novel theoretical model.