High density storage of clean energy fuel gases in soft nanospaces

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The soft nature of single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT), single wall carbon nanohorn (SWCNH) and metal organic framework (MOF) and the important factor for clean energy storage on SWCNTs and MOFs were studied. The hydrogen adsorption capacity of various carbon materials including SWCNT and SWCNH was summarized; concentration effect of supercritical hydrogen with nanostructures of carbon is intensive to give the liquid like density of adsorbed density at 77 K. The defluorination and increase of ultramicroporosity enhance hydrogen adsorption amount at 77 K evidently. For example, the ultramicmporosity of SWCNT bundles is highly increased by HNO_3 and H_2SO_4 mixed acid treatment, giving twice of hydrogen adsorption amount. The effect of nanoscale curvature on the monolayer structure of nitrogen on the internal and external SWCNT surfaces was examined experimentally and theoretically, showing that the monolayer on the internal tube surface has a longer range ordering than that on the external surface. The radial breathing mode of SWCNT Raman spectra is sifted to a high frequency side on adsorption of alcohol molecules, showing that surface of SWCNT is very sensitive to nanoscale environments. At the same time, this effect supports softness of SWCNT wall. The SWCNH is strongly hopeful to design a high performance supercapacitor because of the single wall frame. Although new MOF showing "gate adsorption" is synthesized, the hydrogen adsorption amount at 77 K is smaller than nanostructured carbons.