权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

Comparative History of Early Nuclear Projects in Japan, Germany, and Russia

日本、德国和俄罗斯早期核项目的比较历史

基本信息

批准号：
15300291
负责人：
YAMAZAKI Masakatsu
金额：
$ 4.35万
依托单位：
Tokyo Institute of Technology
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15300291/
关键词：
nuclear power development nuclear weapons development Japan, Germany, and the Soviet Union the Second World War the Cold War social responsibility of scientists 日本、ドイツ、ソ連

项目摘要

The aim of this research program is to study the history of early nuclear projects in Japan, Germany, and Russia in the 1940s with a common standpoint and methodology from the view of science and technology. In August, 2003, on the occasion of the first workshop in Tokyo eleven questions for comparison were suggested by Mark Walker of Union College in the US. (See the preface of the first reference below.) Some results of this program were published in a special issue of Historia Scientiarum in 2005.New findings and achievements of this program are as follows:(1) It was known that the Physics Committee of the former Japanese Navy's Technical Research Institute discussed the feasibility of nuclear weapons with Yoshio Nishina in the chair, and broke up after several meetings with a negative conclusion. We found the minutes of the Navy's Council of Science and Technology that suggested Hantaro Nagaoka's strong objection influenced committee's negative conclusion.(2) Rainer Karlsch's Hitlers Bombe was published in Germany in March, 2005. He found new documents at Russian and German archives, and showed for the first time that Germans did the critical experiments of nuclear fission weapons in March, 1945. After the publication of a joint paper by Karlsch and Walker, Japanese colleagues started their discussion of the matter, but came to the conclusion that Karlsch's argument that Germans used a fusion mechanism needs careful examinations.(3) Vladimir Vizgin suggested Nuclear Cult and Nuclear Community as key words of Russian nuclear history as well as his former key word Nuclear Shield.(4) These three counties in the wartime are often seen as "totalitarian systems" but it was suggested that especially in the case of science history the history of each country should be considered form the viewpoint not only of discontinuity but also of continuity.

本研究项目的目的是从科学技术的角度，以共同的立场和方法，研究20世纪40年代日本、德国和俄罗斯早期核项目的历史。2003年8月，在东京举行的第一次研讨会上，美国联合学院的马克·步行者提出了11个比较问题。(See下面第一个参考文献的序言）。2005年《科学史》专刊刊登了该项目的部分成果。该项目的新发现和新成果如下：（1）据了解，前日本海军技术研究所物理委员会曾以西菜良雄为主席讨论过核武器的可行性问题，但多次会议后均以否定结论告终。我们发现海军科学技术理事会的会议记录表明长冈半太郎的强烈反对影响了委员会的负面结论。(2)莱纳·卡尔希的《希特勒炸弹》于2005年3月在德国出版。他在俄罗斯和德国的档案馆中发现了新的文件，并首次表明德国人在1945年3月进行了核裂变武器的临界实验。在卡尔施和步行者的联合论文发表后，日本同行开始讨论这一问题，但得出的结论是，卡尔施关于德国人使用聚变机制的论点需要仔细研究。(3)弗拉基米尔·维兹金提出了“核崇拜”和“核共同体”作为俄罗斯核史的关键词，并提出了“核盾牌”的概念。(4)这三个国家在战时常被视为“极权主义体系”，但有人建议，特别是在科学史的情况下，每个国家的历史应该考虑的观点不仅是不连续的，而且是连续性。