Comparative Studies on the Culture of Product between Japan and Germany Focusing in shokunin utaawase(Poetry Contests of Various Occupations)

《诗人歌泽》是一种涉及各种职业的诗歌比赛形式，由日本中世纪的上层贵族成员表演，从不同的角度描绘了各种工匠，商业活动和居民的娱乐。这些以古典审美宫廷传统为基础的诗歌比赛既有严格的规则，又反映了当代社会的结构性变迁。在同一时期，在德国，被称为Meistergesang或Meistersang的歌唱艺术在Singschulen进行实践和教学，主要在比赛中表演。Meistersang基于精神和世俗的影响。它的内容是类似于Minnesang或Schwank的轶事，历史的，传奇的，甚至是古典的（例如奥维德），它是由坚实的规则严格形式化的（Tabulaturen）。继承了明纳桑格尔和斯普鲁切勒特传统的梅斯特辛格人是公民，在很大程度上是受人尊敬的工匠大师。本工程 ...更多信息 从以下几个方面对两种文化传统进行了比较;（A）每首诗歌的形式和内容，它们是作为规范性文化模式的继承而从上一时期继承下来的。（B）工匠阶层的历史和社会形成以及每个社会中资产阶级的形成。这些追踪的结果表明，古典文化传统和文学表达方法是通过这些实践尝试而获得的。它是在古典书籍的基础上通过复制和印刷而建立起来的。它们充当着将传统观念和精神延续到下一个时期的工具，尽管这种延续的性质和内容取决于中世纪社会在其所处时代的形成。当日本的宫廷社会在整体结构的变化中瓦解时，贵族们采用了一种新的表达方式或对当代社会的诗意描绘，其中各种生产和贸易，或职业活动和日常生活的现实获得了中心意义。这些成果在下一个时期被新的社会阶层继承，并在各种媒体的实践中得到发展。少

Shokunin utaawase is a form of a poetry contest dealing with various occupations, which was performed by members of upper nobility in Japanese medieval age depicting diverse craftsmen, commercial activities and entertainments of inhabitants from different perspectives. These poetry contests based on classical esthetic court tradition conformed to strict rules, and also reflected the structural changing of the contemporary society. In the same period in Germany the art of singing called Meistergesang or Meistersang was practiced and taught in Singschulen and performed mainly in contests. Meistersang based both on spiritual and secular influences. Its contents were anecdotal analogous to the Minnesang or Schwank, historical, legendary, or even classical (e.g. Ovid) and it was strictly formalized by solid rules (Tabulaturen). The Meistersinger, who carried on the tradition of Minnesanger and Spruchdichter, were citizens and for the most part respected master craftsmen. In this project the … More se cultural traditions were traced from the following comparative aspects;(A) form and contents of each poetry, which were inherited from the last period as the succession of the normative cultural model(B) historical and social formation of craftsmen's rank and formation of bourgeoisie in each societyResults of these tracings show that the classical cultural tradition and methods of literary expression were received through these practical attempts, which founded on classical books by copying and printing. They served as an instrument of succession of traditional sense and mentality to each next period, although the character and the contents of this succession depended on the formation of medieval society of its own time. While court society in Japan was dissolving in total structural changes, aristocrats adopted a new style of expression or a poetical depiction of the contemporary society, in which various production and trading, or professional activities and reality of everyday life obtained a central meaning. These achievements were succeeded to the new social class in the next period and developed by being practiced in various media. Less