An International Comparative Study on the Poverty, Social Exclusion and Public Assistance Policy

贫困、社会排斥和公共援助政策的国际比较研究

• 批准号: 15330122
• 负责人: ABE Minoru
• 金额: $ 4.54万
• 依托单位: Japan College of Social Work
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2003 至 2005
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15330122/
• 关键词: poverty; social exclusion; public assistance policy; income maintenance policy; international comparative Study; 現代的貧困; 国際比較

Poverty is one of the most urgent issues in public assistance policy. But the meaning and definition of poverty is confused, and the experience of poverty is diversified. There is no single concept of poverty in this social divided and post-industrial society, but the subject of social welfare studies and public assistance policy in Japan reflect dominant and old conceptualizations. Some studies on poverty in UK, France and EU point out that 'social exclusion' (and 'Underclass') is an important concept to understand the recent poverty problem. Social exclusion draws on thinking in the real life accounts to emphasize aspects of poverty such as powerlessness, loss of dignity and respect. In so doing, we can embrace the relational, cultural dimensions of poverty as well as material. Wider understandings of poverty, as the concept of social exclusion, makes important links between poverty and other concept like capabilities, social divisions and citizenship. Today the subject of social welfare study and public assistance policy in Japan need a broader understanding of poverty as social exclusion.In many welfare states, political conditions where public assistance policy has been constructed is changing radically. Reconstruction of public assistance policy needs to be suitable for new social problem that is called social exclusion. To cope with social exclusion, welfare states have introduced some policy innovations. For example, US federal government have replaced AFDC with TANF and UK government have adopted welfare-to-work as its slogan. OECD proposes Active Social Policy that emphasise on workfare program. New trends of social policies that aims social inclusion for excluded citizens.This study reviews these international trends and some policy problems of public assistance. And it examines a possible relationship between public assistance policy as inclusion/activation scheme and support of work.

贫困是公共援助政策中最紧迫的问题之一。但是，贫困的含义和定义是混乱的，贫困的经历是多样化的。在这个社会分裂和后工业社会中，贫穷并不是一个单一的概念，但日本社会福利研究和公共援助政策的主题反映了占主导地位的旧概念。英国、法国和欧盟的一些关于贫困的研究指出，社会排斥(和下层阶级)是理解当前贫困问题的一个重要概念。社会排斥利用现实生活中的思考来强调贫困的一些方面，如无能为力、丧失尊严和尊重。在这样做的过程中，我们可以接受贫困的关系、文化层面以及物质层面。对贫困的更广泛理解，作为社会排斥的概念，使贫困与能力、社会分工和公民身份等其他概念之间建立了重要的联系。今天，日本的社会福利研究和公共援助政策的主题需要对贫困作为社会排斥进行更广泛的理解，在许多福利国家，构建公共援助政策的政治条件正在发生根本性的变化。公共援助政策的重构需要适应新的社会问题，即社会排斥。为了应对社会排斥，福利国家推出了一些政策创新。例如，美国联邦政府用TANF取代了AFDC，英国政府采用了福利到工作作为其口号。经济合作与发展组织提出了积极的社会政策，强调工作福利计划。旨在为被排除在外的公民提供社会包容的社会政策的新趋势。本研究回顾了这些国际趋势和公共援助的一些政策问题。并审查了作为包容/激活计划的公共援助政策与工作支助之间的可能关系。