Development of hazardous micro-pollutants with nanofiltaration membranes

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(1) Experimental research on rejection properties of NF membrane for hazardous organic micro-pollutants : The apparent solute permeabities of aromatic pesticides showed high correlation with molecular weight of the pesticides. In the case of alkylphenols, the apparent solute permeabities were correlated linearly with log P, and n-nonylphenol was rejected at more than 95%. In addition, it was suggested that the solutes were adsorbed on the membranes. The results indicated the effects of the adsorption on solute removal performance.(2) Adsorption property of solute on NF membrane : Batch type adsorption experiments were conducted with NF membranes and polysulfon membrane, which is used as a support membrane of NF membranes. It was revealed that hydrophobic interaction is a major factor of the adsorption. The adsorption properties were examined by inverse HPLC technology: the particles of polyamide, which is similar polymer to that of skin layer of NF membrane, were used as a stationary phase. The experimental conditions were examined, and it was found that hydrophobic solutes were adsorbed on the polyamide.(3) Molecular sieving effects on the solute separation with NF membrane : A pore model incorporated molecular shape parameters (molecular width and molecular length) were developed, and pore sizes were evaluated. The rejection degrees calculated by the model corresponded very well to the experimental results.(4) Measurement of log P : It was revealed that HPLC-direct injection method was of use for log P measurement. The values of log P at ca. 5.7 were measured accurately.(5) Extraction performance of aromatic compounds with fibrous solid phase adsorbent : The extraction method using PBO fibers was developed in order to simplify the extraction procedure for hazardous organic micro-pollutants. The method was of use for the extraction of aromatic compounds.