Development of hazardous micro-pollutants with nanofiltaration membranes

(1)纳滤膜对有害有机微污染物截留性能的实验研究：芳香族农药的表观溶质透过率与农药的分子量有很好的相关性。在烷基酚的情况下，表观溶质渗透率与对数P线性相关，和n-壬基酚被拒绝在95%以上。此外，有人建议，溶质吸附在膜上。结果表明，吸附对溶质去除性能的影响。(2)溶质在纳滤膜上的吸附性能：以聚砜膜作为纳滤膜的支撑膜，对纳滤膜和聚砜膜进行了间歇式吸附实验。结果表明，疏水相互作用是吸附的主要因素。采用反相高效液相色谱技术，以与纳滤膜表层结构相似的聚酰胺颗粒为固定相，考察了其吸附性能。考察了实验条件，发现疏水性溶质吸附在聚酰胺上。(3)分子筛对纳滤膜溶质分离的影响：建立了一个包含分子形状参数（分子宽度和分子长度）的孔模型，并对孔径进行了评价。模型计算的截留度与实验结果吻合较好。(4)log P的测定：表明高效液相色谱-直接进样法可用于log P的测定。在ca. 5.7被精确测量。(5)纤维状固相吸附剂对芳香族化合物的萃取性能：为了简化有害有机微量污染物的萃取过程，开发了PBO纤维萃取方法。该方法适用于芳香族化合物的提取。

(1) Experimental research on rejection properties of NF membrane for hazardous organic micro-pollutants : The apparent solute permeabities of aromatic pesticides showed high correlation with molecular weight of the pesticides. In the case of alkylphenols, the apparent solute permeabities were correlated linearly with log P, and n-nonylphenol was rejected at more than 95%. In addition, it was suggested that the solutes were adsorbed on the membranes. The results indicated the effects of the adsorption on solute removal performance.(2) Adsorption property of solute on NF membrane : Batch type adsorption experiments were conducted with NF membranes and polysulfon membrane, which is used as a support membrane of NF membranes. It was revealed that hydrophobic interaction is a major factor of the adsorption. The adsorption properties were examined by inverse HPLC technology: the particles of polyamide, which is similar polymer to that of skin layer of NF membrane, were used as a stationary phase. The experimental conditions were examined, and it was found that hydrophobic solutes were adsorbed on the polyamide.(3) Molecular sieving effects on the solute separation with NF membrane : A pore model incorporated molecular shape parameters (molecular width and molecular length) were developed, and pore sizes were evaluated. The rejection degrees calculated by the model corresponded very well to the experimental results.(4) Measurement of log P : It was revealed that HPLC-direct injection method was of use for log P measurement. The values of log P at ca. 5.7 were measured accurately.(5) Extraction performance of aromatic compounds with fibrous solid phase adsorbent : The extraction method using PBO fibers was developed in order to simplify the extraction procedure for hazardous organic micro-pollutants. The method was of use for the extraction of aromatic compounds.